农民工社会认同的决定因素研究：基于上海的实证分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文首次从国际移民的涵化理论视角对农民工的社会认同方式及决定因素进行探讨，通过对上海市农民工抽样调查数据的实证分析发现，农民工作为国家内部城乡移民的重要组成部分，其社会认同存在以户籍为基础的制度性约束和以资源匮乏为特征的能动性限制。农民工社会认同主要受文化态度、社会交往、经济成功和社会环境四类变量的影响，农民工的个体人口统计特征也会影响城市认同的意愿。当地语言的熟练程度、与当地人交朋友的意愿（而非与外省市的农民工交朋友）、类似群体的收入地位水平、感知到的社会歧视程度和参与保险的程度都成为重要的决定因素。因此，公共政策的制定与执行应该要有助于农民工的心理层面的社会认同的转变，尤其是从“外地人”向“本地人”的认知转型。

关键词: 社会认同, 涵化, 身份, 社会融合, 农民工

Abstract: Based on a representative questionnaire survey among migrant workers in Shanghai, and employing acculturation and identity formation theories, this article examines the determinant factors which affect migrant workers’ social identity. The research finds out that the huge ruralurban gap has endowed migrant workers an ambiguous identity in which they physically live in city but mentally are identified with the country, and more importantly, their institutional welfares are confined to the country. The ambiguity of their social identity is attributed to both the institutional hurdle of the hukou (household registration) system and constrained agency caused by scare resources. At a more concrete level, this research suggests that five important factors have contributed to the formation of their social identity: proficiency in local language, willingness to make friends with local people (but not other migrant workers from other provinces), income level compared to peers, perceived social acceptance, and access to social insurances. Being positive for all five factors will make a migrant worker more identified with the city rather his/her rural origin. Meanwhile, migrant workers’ demographic features such as education, migrating time and occupation also influence their social identities. Overall, the authors suggest that public policies should be helpful in terms of the transformation of migrant workers’ social identity, particularly their perception changing from “being an outsider” to “being a local”.

Key words: social identity, acculturation, identity, migrant worker, social integration

褚荣伟熊易寒邹怡. 农民工社会认同的决定因素研究：基于上海的实证分析[J]. 社会杂志, 2014, 34(4): 25-48.

CHU Rongwei XIONG Yihan ZOU Yi. The Determinant Factors of Migrant Workers’ Social Identity: An Empirical Study in Shanghai[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2014, 34(4): 25-48.

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