社会杂志 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 88-104.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

留守经历与新工人的工作流动——农民工生产体制如何使自身面临困境

汪建华  中国社会科学院社会学研究所； 黄斌欢  清华大学深圳研究生院   

  • 出版日期:2014-09-20 发布日期:2014-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 汪建华 E-mail：wjhmcg@163.com E-mail:wjhmcg@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文是教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“农民工权益保护理论与实践研究”（09JZD0032）的成果之一。

The LeftBehind Experience and Job Mobility of the New Workers: How the System of Migrant Worker Jeopardizes Itself

WANG Jianhua, Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences；HUANG Binhuan, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University   

  • Online:2014-09-20 Published:2014-09-20
  • Contact: WANG Jianhua E-mail:wjhmcg@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This paper was supported by the research project “Protecting Rights of Migrant Workers: Theories and Practices”（09JZD0032）sponsored by Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation from Ministry of Education of China.

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摘要： 本文批评了“农民工”和“留守儿童”两种研究问题意识割裂的现状。通过对 “农民工权益保护理论与实践研究”调查数据的分析，本文试图在两种问题之间建立系统性的关联。研究发现，有留守经历的新工人相比其同辈群体更频繁地转换工作。对工种性质进行进一步划分后的统计模型表明，体力工种相对非体力工种、非熟练工种相对熟练/半熟练工种，有留守经历的新工人相比其同辈群体，表现出更高的工作流动性。这说明有留守经历的工人更难适应世界工厂高强度、异化的劳动方式。父母外出打工造成亲子分离，儿童家庭责任感淡薄，但也带来更优越的经济条件和更少的务农经历，由此共同导致了有留守经历的工人频繁的工作流动。留守经历是“拆分型农民工生产体制”的产物，但某种程度上它又加剧了这一体制持续运行所面临的困境。逐步赋予工人公民权，修复家庭生活，是解决系统性危机的基本立足点。

关键词: 农民工生产体制, 新工人, 工作流动, 留守经历

Abstract:

This paper criticizes the isolation status of the problem consciousness of two research areas, which are “migrant worker studies” and “leftbehind children studies”. When discussing the inner contradiction of the system of migrant worker, relevant studies have placed their emphasis on the growing experience of the new generation of migrant workers, but ignored the effects of their leftbehind experience. When studying the problem of leftbehind children, most studies have focused on the microinfluence on the children’s education, health and personality, but rarely extended it to the macroinfluence on the process of urbanization and industrialization. By analyzing survey data of “Protecting Rights of Migrant Workers: Theories and Practices”, this paper attempts to establish a correlation between these two areas. The results show that compared to their peer group, new workers with leftbehind experience change their jobs more frequently. Modeling by distinguishing different types of jobs, the difference in job mobility frequency between workers with leftbehind experience and those without  in the manual job model and the nonskilled job model, are larger than the nonmanual job model and the skilled and semiskilled job model respectively, which indicates that it is more difficult for workers with leftbehind experience to adapt to the high intensity and the alienated labor process in the World Factory. Parents’ migration not only results in the parentchild separation and the weakness of the children’s sense of family duty, but also brings out more superior economic conditions and few farming experience, They jointly increase the frequency of job mobility of workers with leftbehind experience. Leftbehind children is the product of the system of migrant workers, and to a certain degree it aggravates the crisis of the further development of the system. The solution of the system crisis lies in gradually granting citizenship to migrant workers and restoring their family life. 

Key words: job mobility,  leftbehind experience, system of migrant worker, new workers