从在线到离线：基于互联网的集体行动的形成及其影响因素——以反建X餐厨垃圾站运动为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文以反对垃圾站选址的社区集体抗争为例，采用虚拟民族志方法，展现了业主利用互联网进行抗争的行动图景，揭示了基于互联网的集体行动从线上走向线下的过程和影响因素。研究发现，对于浅层行动，在线动员能够实现广泛的离线参与；对于深层行动，在政治弱控制、参与热情高涨的运动初期，在线动员效果较好，但在政治控制介入、行动力弱化的运动维持阶段，则需要通过离线的二次动员或现实网络及组织的生成来保证行动参与并支撑运动的持续性。文章指出，互联网的动员潜力、行动特性及运动历程综合影响着从在线到离线的转换，而控制因素产生的政治风险塑造着网络动员的方式和策略，型构着网民群体的行动逻辑，并最终呈现为对在线动员效果的约制。

关键词: 在线集体行动 , , 行动特性 , 行动历程 , 在线动员 , 政治控制

Abstract: This study examines the process from online mobilization to offline action in a case study of community collective protest against construction of a food waste treatment facility in the neighborhood. The method of virtual ethnography is employed to show the formation of internetinitiated collective action and its contributing factors. The study finds that online shared views and identity do not necessarily have definitive influence on the transition from online discussion to offline action. In fact, whether such a transition can be realized is depended on the characteristics of the action and the stage of the movement. For initial and insubstantial offline action, online mobilization seems to be effective. However, to sustain the movement, it requires further mobilization and organization building. The study concludes that all three factors of online mobilization, characteristics of action and stage of movement play a role in the transition from online talks to offline actions. Characteristics of action and stage of movement are interrelated, both aiming to accomplish goals as one is to act and the other is to react to the risks posed by political control. To keep the movement alive is always a challenge for online mobilization. Political risks influence decisions on strategies and tactics of online mobilization, and shape the behavior of Netizens, often being described as a special type of “slacktivism.” In conclusion, Chinese political culture and environment, people’s adaptation to it, and their riskaversion nature help create the unique type of Chinese online activism that, in turn, determines the effectiveness and outcomes of online mobilization and offline collective action.

Key words: online mobilization , the characteristics of the actions , offline collective action , the stage , political control

卜玉梅. 从在线到离线：基于互联网的集体行动的形成及其影响因素——以反建X餐厨垃圾站运动为例[J]. 社会杂志.

BU Yumei. From Online to Offline: The Formation of Collective Action and Its Contributing Factors: A Case Study of Food Waste Treatment Facility Location Protest[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology.

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