社会杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 186-211.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

日本帝国主义殖民统治下的台湾地区阶级分析

李双龙1, 林宗弘2   

  1. 1. 西南财经大学社会工作发展研究中心;
    2. 台湾“中央研究院”社会学研究所
  • 出版日期:2016-07-20 发布日期:2016-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 林宗弘 E-mail:zoo42@gate.sinica.edu.tw
  • 基金资助:

    本研究受“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”(JBK1606,JBK1609120)的资助。

A Class Analysis of Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Occupation

LI Shuanglong1, LIN Thung-hong2   

  1. 1. Social Work Development and Research Center, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics;
    2. Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica
  • Online:2016-07-20 Published:2016-07-20
  • Supported by:

    The research is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JBK1606,JBK1609120).

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摘要：

本文利用台湾“中央研究院”的“历史人口计划”所提供的日据时期户籍数据库,运用新韦伯派阶级分类法,分析不同出生世代的阶级结构,并以多元逻辑回归统计模型估计其阶级流动的几率。研究发现,无论在农业部门还是工业部门,越晚出生的世代(尤其是1895年后的出生者)无产阶级化的趋势越明显,而且糖业资本集中发展的中南部地区比北部地区更明显;其次,工业部门的本土雇主与自雇者大幅减少,显示日本垄断资本对台湾地区本土资本的竞争优势导致台湾地区工商业部门的无产化;第三,农业部门人口比例衰退的趋势在20世纪20年代之后逐渐稳定下来,这可能是“米糖相克”与家户生计逻辑造成的结果;第四,一方面受“农业台湾”的日本殖民政策限制,另一方面受家庭生计逻辑的影响,台湾地区的专业管理阶级或资本家在子女分户时仍经常划分农地给后嗣,因此出现了工业部门人口回流农业部门的向下流动的特殊现象,但已经靠农业就业的人口却难以流向工业部门。本文的贡献在于重建历史资料来研究日据时期台湾地区的阶级流动,并呈现工业国家之外殖民地社会的阶级不平等。

关键词: 阶级结构, 阶级流动, 无产化, 日据时期台湾, 多元逻辑回归

Abstract:

The existing empirical studies on class structure and social mobility have centered on advanced Western capitalist nations and post-socialist countries. Little has been done about colonialized societies under imperialist occupation. This study draws data from the newly created Colonial Taiwan Household Registration Database to examine the class structure and social mobility of Taiwanese society under Japan's imperialist rule. Occupation categories were recoded under the EGP class schema and the multinomial logistic regression model was employed to estimate the odds ratio of class mobility. The study finds that the longer the Japanese occupation, the more proletarian the population had become. There was a dramatic decline of Taiwanese industrial ownership and self-employment during, the occupation. After the 1920s the rural population decline gradually stabilized. Because urban land owners continued the tradition of partitioning out land to married children, there was a “reverse population flow” from urban to rural. In contrast, rural farmers stood little chance to leave countryside for urban employment. Our study contributes to the understanding of social mobility in Taiwan during Japan's occupation as well as the class inequality in a colonized society.

Key words: class structure, class mobility, colonial Taiwan, multinomial logistic regression, proletarianization