社会杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 180-208.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

教育扩招促进了代际流动?

杨中超   

  1. 国家教育行政学院学校管理教研部
  • 出版日期:2016-11-20 发布日期:2016-11-20
  • 作者简介:杨中超 国家教育行政学院学校管理教研部 E-mail:zcyang@naea.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金面上项目（71473007）。

Does Higher Education Expansion Promote Intergenerational Mobility?

YANG Zhongchao   

  1. Department of School Management, National Academy of Education Administration
  • Online:2016-11-20 Published:2016-11-20
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China (71473007).

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摘要：

本文基于中国综合社会调查的数据，以改革开放后参加工作的群体为研究对象，实证分析了中国高等教育扩招对代际流动的影响。研究发现，没有充足证据证明教育扩招促进了代际流动。一方面，尽管教育在扩张前后始终是决定个人社会经济地位高低的最重要因素，但教育扩招没有显著改善教育机会不均等问题，从而也无法减弱家庭背景以教育为中介对子女初职社会经济地位的间接影响，带来代际流动的改善。另一方面，教育扩招的结构化效应不显著，大学毕业生面临的劳动力市场并非完全遵循绩效原则，因此，即便教育扩招提高了他们在社会总人口中的相对比例，也无法带来社会整体代际流动的改善。因此，发挥教育扩招促进代际流动的功能，不仅要强调教育机会的分配公平问题，同时也要努力完善劳动力市场建设，促进就业机会均等。

关键词: 代际流动, 高等教育, 教育扩招, 社会经济地位

Abstract:

Education is an important path for upward intergenerational mobility. Higher education expansion in China has brought an ever increasing number of people to colleges and universities with a hope to improve their socio-economic status. Based on the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2005,2006, and 2008, this study focuses on the impact of higher education expansion on intergenerational mobility among the college graduates who entered the job market during the post-economic reform period. No substantial evidences are found in this study to indicate a correlation between higher education expansion and intergenerational mobility. Although university education remains a key factor determining individuals' socio-economic status,the higher education expansion in China has not equalized the existing inequality of educational opportunity,nor has it changed the disparity in family background. Family socio-economic status continues to be a significant determinant for college graduates in the Chinese job market.Therefore,the expansion has increased the percentage of college graduates in the total population but it does not alter the intergenerational mobility structure in society. This study also finds that higher education has a dual function of status circulation and status reproduction. The increase of college graduates has diminished the social and economic return of a college degree and thus has an adverse effect on status circulation. The study concludes that higher education expansion for more educational distribution alone will not promote intergenerational mobility. An effort to improve job market and equal employment opportunity is equally important.

Key words: socio-economic status, intergenerational mobility, educational expansion, higher education