社会杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 55-77.

• 专题一:自然社会:批评与回应 • 上一篇    下一篇

自然状态的道德意涵:定位现代道德的开端

陈涛   

  1. 中国社会科学院社会学研究所
  • 出版日期:2016-11-20 发布日期:2016-11-20
  • 作者简介:陈涛 中国社会科学院社会学研究所 E-mail:chengt1986@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本研究得到国家社科基金（项目号：15CSH004）的资助。

The Moral Implication of the State of Nature: Relocating the Beginning of Modern Morality

CHEN Tao   

  1. Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
  • Online:2016-11-20 Published:2016-11-20
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 15CSH004).

PDF

415

摘要：

针对李猛有关霍布斯自然状态的讨论，本文力图指出，自然状态不仅仅是一个人性冲突状态或法权矛盾状态，而是具有某种积极的道德意涵。这集中在霍布斯的自然权利概念上。正是自然权利，而不是原初缔约环节，构成了霍布斯政治哲学的规范基础。自然权利不完全是一项主观权利，它同时还带有传统客观法权的正当意涵。一方面，每个人的“自然权利”凭借国家权力的存在，成为一种客观意义上的正当性，另一方面，它的“自然性”又意味着它并不是由国家所制造出来的，而是基于人的自然本性本身。人的自然并不是可以任意抟塑的质料，而是有其形式，并被明确界定为一种自然“权利”或正当，参与到政治生活的构建之中，这构成了现代思想不得不去回应的难题。

关键词: 自然状态, 道德, 自然权利, 国家

Abstract:

The doctrine of the state of nature, especially that of Hobbes's, is one of the most essential components in modern political philosophy, moral philosophy and social theory. It is the natural man and the state of nature, and their relationship that constitute the basis of modern thoughts. The doctrine of the state of nature puts an end to the classical understanding of human nature but it does not do away with normality, only it is now somewhat obscure and indescribable. In response to Li's discussion on the state of nature, this paper tries to demonstrate that Hobbes's state of nature is not just a battle ground of human natures or a paradoxical state of human rights, but in fact, it contains certain positive moral implication. That is to say that Hobbes's natural rights are not just subjective rights but also bear the traditional meaning of objective right It is the natural right, not the original contract that constitutes the normal basis of Hobbes's political philosophy.On one hand, the existence of individual "natural rights" depends on sovereign power. That is the objective rightness side of natural rights. On the other hand, natural rights cannot be artificially created by the state. They are dictated by human nature for it is not just "matter" that can be reformed or transformed arbitrarily. Human nature has its own "form" and participates in its own right in constructing political life.

Key words: morality, the state of nature, state, natural right