社会杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 32-58.

• 专题一：性别与信仰：中国农村研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

传统乡村社会小农家庭女性的经济贡献及其决定因素

李楠, 李亚婧   

  1. 上海财经大学经济史学系
  • 出版日期:2017-07-20 发布日期:2017-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 李楠 E-mail:li.nan@mail.sufe.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    感谢上海市浦江人才计划"文化差异、文化扩散与经济发展：基于中国历史经验的理论及实证研究"（项目编号：14PJC042）、上海财经大学基本科研业务经费"中国传统社会分家析产、商业化与地权分配的动态研究"（项目编号：2015110025）、上海财经大学研究生创新基金（项目编号：CXJJ-2014-377）对本研究的支持。

An Empirical Study on the Economic Contribution of Women in Modern Rural China

LI Nan, LI Yajing   

  1. Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
  • Online:2017-07-20 Published:2017-07-20
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by Shanghai Pujiang Project Grant (14PJC042),the Fundamental Research Fund of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (2015110025) and the Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (CXJJ-2014-377).

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摘要：

本文利用20世纪30年代日本满铁农村实态惯行调查数据，对中国传统乡村社会女性的经济贡献及其地区差异的根源进行考察。研究发现，在中国传统乡村社会，女性劳动参与在小农家庭的财富积累中扮演着非常重要的角色，女性劳动参与率每增加1%，农户拥有的土地财产数量增加0.3%。进一步分析可知，这种作用在南北方存在巨大差异，女性劳动参与仅对南方小农家庭的财富积累具有重要影响，女性劳动参与率每增加1%，农户拥有的土地财富增加0.2%。本文认为，南北方地理禀赋所导致的农户经济结构差异是女性的经济贡献存在地区差异的重要原因。本文不仅揭示了中国传统社会女性对家庭的经济贡献的地区差异及其根源，也对当前女性社会地位的相关研究有所贡献。

关键词: 小农经济, 女性经济贡献, 地理禀赋

Abstract:

Gender equality is always an important topic of concern for social scientists and policy makers,and it is also one of seventeen sustained development goals of the United Nations. However,in the current literature on gender equality,the root of gender equality is still not clear. This paper builds a neo-classical theoretical model about the decision of gender labor input within a small-scale peasant economy to examine regional differences in women's economic contribution for family and its determinants. Our hypothesis is that the different geographic endowment between the north and the south of China determines the difference in economic structure of small-scale peasants living in different regions. As a result,the difference in economic structure of household leads to the difference in the economic contribution of women,and the difference in female labor participation rates between the north and the south of China. This paper uses a household-level dataset surveyed by the Southern Manchurian Railway Company in the 1930s to test this hypothesis,and finds that women play an important role in increasing the land wealth of small-scale peasant households. Households with higher female labor participation rates have more wealth measured by the owned land. When female labor participation rates increase by 1 percent,the land wealth owned by households increases 0.3 percent. At the same time,we also find that there is a great difference in the economic contribution of women to their families between the south and the north of China. Compared to households in the north of China,the women in the south of China played a more important economic role in small-scale peasant economy. When female labor participation rate increases by 1 percent,the land owned by the household increases by 0.2 percent. Even after a set of control variables,including the characteristics of household and village and geographical factors are added in our model,the findings were still strong. In addition,during the process of testing the determinants of regional differences in the economic contribution of women,our findings indicated that the economic structure of small-scale peasants caused by geographical endowment better explains the regional differences in the economic role of women. This paper not only reveals the regional differences in the economic contribution of women in modern rural China and its geographic determinants,but also enriches the current literature on gender equality. In addition,this paper also helps us understand the features of the small-scale peasant in modern China.

Key words: geographic endowment, economic contribution of women, small-scale peasant economy