社会杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 90-118.

• 专题二：社会流动与社会平等研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

大学如何改变寒门学子命运:家庭贫困、非认知能力和初职收入

许多多   

  1. 香港科技大学社会科学部
  • 出版日期:2017-07-20 发布日期:2017-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 许多多 E-mail:ddxu@ust.hk
  • 基金资助:

    该项目2009年和2010年的调查曾得到香港科技大学研究项目竞争基金（RPC07/08.HS02）、香港研究资助局优配基金（644510）（项目负责人：吴晓刚）和中国人民大学科学研究基金（2009030080，20100030415）（项目负责人：冯仕政）的资助。研究设计也曾得到香港研究资助局优配基金（644510）的部分支持.

From Poverty to Prosperity:Poverty,Non-Cognitive Abilities,and First-Job Earnings

XU Duoduo   

  1. Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • Online:2017-07-20 Published:2017-07-20

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摘要：

社会分层和流动研究发现，在接受过大学教育的人中，社会经济地位的代际相关性降低，甚至是消失了。这一发现被看做大学教育促进社会流动的有力证据，但其作用机制往往被简单地归因于学生的高度选择性或者劳动力市场中大学文凭的符号效应，大学教育过程本身对学生人力资本提高的作用却被忽略了。本文利用一个对大学生群体为期五年的追踪调查数据，试图证明大学教育自身对家庭背景影响的削弱作用，来自于为不同社会阶层出身的学生提供一个公平开放的学习锻炼环境，帮助他们，特别是那些来自弱势家庭的学生，提高自身的非认知能力，以应对毕业后的工作。

Abstract:

One of the important findings in social stratification research is that the intergenerational association of socioeconomic status is much weaker,or even not existent,among college-educated people. While previous studies often attribute this evidence either to the high selectivity of tertiary education or to the signaling effect of the college diploma in labor markets,the role played by higher education itself in enhancing students' human capital is largely neglected. This paper attempts to demonstrate that higher education can weaken the impacts of family background by offering an open and fair stage for students from different social origins,helping them develop their non-cognitive skills to better cope with future work. Taking poverty as an example,analysis shows thatstudents from poor households may gradually catch up with their wealthy counterparts in terms of non-cognitive abilities during four years' college education,which eventually compensates forpotential disadvantages in first-job earnings.