社会杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 215-237.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

拼爹重要,还是拼搏重要？当下中国公众对绩效分配原则的感知

李忠路   

  1. 深圳大学心理与社会学院
  • 出版日期:2018-01-20 发布日期:2018-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 李忠路 E-mail:sozlli@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    本研究使用的数据来自由北京大学“985”项目资助、北京大学中国社会科学调查中心执行的“中国家庭追踪调查”，特此表示感谢。

Chinese People's Perceptions about Meritocracy

LI Zhonglu   

  1. College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University
  • Online:2018-01-20 Published:2018-01-20

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摘要：

在现代社会，个人根据其能力、素质和专业技能等资质获得职业和社会地位的绩效主义原则已经被广泛认为是符合经济公平正义的主要分配原则。然而，鲜有研究关注公众是如何看待绩效分配原则的。本文利用中国家庭追踪调查2010年基线调查数据（CFPS2010），对公众关于绩效分配原则的认同状况进行了初步探讨。研究发现：第一，社会经济地位越高的成员越认同绩效分配原则；第二，成长于改革开放时期的年轻人更加认同绩效分配原则；第三，地区收入不平等状况在一定程度上降低了社会地位较低的群体对绩效分配原则的认同感。本文的发现在一定程度上表明，当前中国公众之所以对收入不平等表现出较为宽容的态度，主要是因为大部分公众相信教育和个人努力是取得社会成就的重要影响因素，但应注意，公众对绩效分配原则的认同感与其客观社会经济地位存在密切关系。

关键词: 社会经济地位, 绩效分配原则, 市场转型, 收入不平等

Abstract:

The allocation of occupational positions and economic wealth based primarily on merits has been widely accepted as a principle of economic justice in modern societies. However,relatively few studies have empirically examined ordinary Chinese people's perceptions of the meritocratic allocation of social rewards. To extend our knowledge about public attitudes towards mobility opportunities,this paper seeks to examine ordinary people's beliefs about determinants of getting ahead through analyzing the recently national representative data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS2010). Empirical results show that:Firstly,about 60 percent of Chinese people tend to believe that individual education and hard work are more important than family origins for economic wealth and success. Secondly,Chinese people's perceptions of meritocracy are closely related to their objective status,and people with a higher socioeconomic status tend to more believe in meritocracy than their lower-status counterparts. Thirdly,young adults growing up in the market reform era are more likely to hold stronger meritocratic beliefs than their counterparts who have experienced the planned economy. Finally,the income inequality at county level has significantly negative effects on public perceptions of meritocracy;especially for those with lower socioeconomic status. This paper extends our understanding of the reasons for Chinese citizens' increasing tolerance of inequality against the sharp rise in income discrepancies in the reform era,because that most of Chinese people hold strong belief that merits are playing a more important role than family origin in socioeconomic advancement in modern China. However,it should be noted that Chinese people's perceptions about meritocracy are highly related to their socioeconomic status.

Key words: meritocracy, socioeconomic status, income inequality, marketization