社会杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 30-53.

• 专题：田野技艺与中国故事 • 上一篇    下一篇

“田野工作的想象力”:在科学与艺术之间——以《大河移民上访的故事》为例

应星   

  1. 中国政法大学社会学院
  • 出版日期:2018-01-20 发布日期:2018-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 应星 E-mail:yingxing@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文为中国政法大学校级科研项目（16ZFG84001）、优秀中青年教师培养支持计划和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金的资助成果。

“The Imagination of Fieldwork”: Between Science and Art-a Study of Petitions and Power: The Story of the Migrants of a Dam in China

YING Xing   

  1. School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law
  • Online:2018-01-20 Published:2018-01-20
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the outstanding young and middle-aged teachers support program and the Social Science Foundation of China University of Political Science and Law (16ZFG84001),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

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摘要：

田野工作具有实证性格与人文气质的双重特性，所谓“田野工作的想象力”介于科学的探究与艺术的想象之间，将真实的观察和想象的再现紧密结合在一起。本文以《大河移民上访的故事》为例展示了“田野工作的想象力”的一种可能性。从田野与理论的关系来看，田野研究的基本问题既不是从经验现实中直接生发出来，也不是从中层理论中推演出来，“田野工作的想象力”的空间是由经典理论的问题域给定的，但在实际进入田野后，理论的力量需要完全融化在对经验现实的敏感中。从微观与宏观的关系来看，复杂性成为田野工作由微观通向宏观的关键所在。这种复杂性表现在诸多方面：对“家乡社会学”的自然正当性的反省；对功能主义分析范式的突破；把行动者分析而非结构分析作为田野工作的焦点；将历史视野带入田野中。“田野工作的想象力”具有手工技艺的特点，其养成需要特别的耐心。

关键词: 二重性, 复杂性, 田野工作的想象力

Abstract:

Fieldwork has the dual characteristics of empirical work and humanistic nature. The so-called "the imagination of fieldwork" is something between scientific investigation and artistic imagination that closely combines accurate observation with imaginative reproduction. This study examines the fieldwork involving in writing Petitions and Power:The Story of the Migrants of a Dam in China, an investigative report that demonstrates"the imagination of fieldwork". From the perspective of the relationship between fieldwork and theory, the basic issuesin field research are neither generated directly from empirical reality nor deduced from middle range theory. The sphere of "the imagination of fieldwork" is defined within the domain of classical theory, whichis a significant source to field studies. However, in practice, theory must be integrated completely with empirical reality. From the perspective of the relationship between micro and macro level, neither representativeness nor typicality,but complexity is the basic characteristic of "the imagination of fieldwork." This complexity is manifested in many ways such asreflection on the natural legitimacy of "hometown sociology"; the breakthrough on the conformability, systematicness and organicity of the functionalist paradigm; taking the analysis of actors rather than structures as the focus of fieldwork; bringing the historical perspective into fieldwork, and so on. Complexity in fieldwork is not entirely a result of some artificial designsbut rather oftenan outcome of the unexpected. "The imagination of fieldwork" has the characteristics of handcraft. Its cultivation needs special patience and requires not only a great deal of effort on classical theory by taking no easy path, but also constant reflection and careful examinationin the pursuit of complexity.

Key words: the imagination of fieldwork, duality, complexity