社会杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 213-241.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

专业选择与初职获得的性别差异:基于“首都大学生成长追踪调查”的发现

贺光烨   

  1. 南京大学社会学院
  • 出版日期:2018-03-20 发布日期:2018-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 贺光烨 E-mail:hgy.gloria@nju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究得到中国博士后科学基金（184529）、香港研究资助局优配基金（1660615）和香港科技大学副校长办公室博士后配对基金的资助。

College Major Choice and Gender Difference in Entering Male-Dominated Occupations: Evidence from Beijing College Student Panel Survey

HE Guangye   

  1. Department of Sociology, Nanjing University
  • Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-03-20
  • Supported by:

    This research was supported by China Post-doctoral Science Foundation (Project No.184529),General Research Fund from Hong Kong Research Grants Council (1660615) and a Post-doc Fellowship Matching Fund(PDF)from the Office of Vice President for Research & Graduate Studies,HKUST.

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摘要：

高等教育的扩张大大缩小了两性受教育程度的差距，年轻一代的女性接受大学教育的比例甚至超过了男性。研究高等教育横向分层维度对理解劳动力市场的性别不平等尤为必要。基于“首都大学生成长追踪调查”数据，本研究从大学专业隔离的角度入手，分析大学毕业生初职获得的性别差异。分析发现，首都高校存在明显的专业性别隔离：女生更多地集中在文学、历史、艺术等专业，而男生更多地集中在理工科类专业。大学专业对毕业后个体能否进入男性主导职业具有显著影响。相较于男性，女性进入男性主导职业的概率更低，在控制了专业后，这一差异显著降低。非线性Blinder-Oaxaca分解结果进一步显示，若男女在专业分布上没有差异，不同性别群体进入男性主导职业的概率差异会减少40%～50%。该发现对理解城市高等教育水平劳动力市场中职业性别隔离现象的形成机制具有重要意义。

关键词: 劳动力市场, 高等教育横向分层, 男性主导职业, 专业性别隔离

Abstract:

The 1990s has witnessed a dramatic expansion in Chinese higher education. Educational gender gap converges over time,and moreover,with respect to college enrollment,young women have even surpassed men nowadays. Horizontal stratification in education becomes far more substantial in understanding gender inequality in China's urban labor market. Drawing the data from Beijing College Student Panel Survey(BCSPS),this research attempts to investigate distribution pattern of college majors between men and women,and how the gender differences in majors have led to the gender differences in entering male-dominated occupations. Results have shown a great gender disparity in college majors. Men are over-represented in the subjects such as,science and engineering,whereas women are concentrated in literature,history and arts. The differences in major choices can largely explain the gender differences in the attainment of first occupation,especially the chances of entering male-dominated occupations. Compared with men,women are less likely to enter male-dominated occupations. However,after controlling for college majors,women's disadvantages are largely decreased. The non-linear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition results further suggest that if men and women have the same major distribution,gender difference in entering male-dominated occupations would decrease by 40%~50%. Thus,gender differences in college major provide one potential explanation for the persisting occupational gender segregation among the highly educated in China's urban labor market.

Key words: gender segregation in college major, male-dominated occupations, horizontal stratification of higher education, labor markets