社会杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 107-132.

• 专题二：社会关系的聚与分 • 上一篇    下一篇

“类聚群分”:当代中国中产阶层的多元构成及其多维政治取向

秦广强, 张美玲   

  1. 中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院
  • 出版日期:2019-03-20 发布日期:2019-03-20
  • 作者简介:秦广强,E-mail:qin@ruc.edu.cn

The Diverse Structure of China's Middle Class and Its Multidimensional Political Orientation

QIN Guangqiang, ZHANG Meiling   

  1. School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China
  • Online:2019-03-20 Published:2019-03-20

PDF

366

摘要：

本文结合体制分割和市场状况两大维度，划分出五种中产阶层基本类型，并利用2015年中国社会状况综合调查数据（CSS）和潜类模型、多元对应分析技术，从政治关注、政治效能、政治信任、意见表达、集体行动五个关联性维度考察中产阶层的多维政治取向。结果显示，体制内两类中产阶层在很大程度上延续了再分配体制的特征，政治取向明显保守稳健；处于“高经济地位”和“低政治地位”的地位相悖位置的体制外新中产阶层（新社会阶层）展现了偏激进的政治取向；处于体制和市场“双重弱势”地位的体制外边缘中产和“老中产”则兼具政治激进和冷漠的复杂二重性，且这种二重性主要沿着年龄、市场机会和生活状况被分割开来。体制外的中产阶层构成潜在的不稳定因素，应在阶层整合、利益整合和畅通上升流动渠道等方面着力，培育并壮大中产阶层，使其更好地发挥社会“稳定器”的作用。

关键词: 中产阶层, 体制分割, 政治取向, 市场状况, 多元构成

Abstract:

The middle class in contemporary China is not a class entity with uniform characteristics, but a social existence group form with multiple levels. Based on the two dimensions of system segmentation and market situation, this paper divides five basic types of middle class, and uses the 2015 Chinese Social Survey Data (CSS) to draw the multi-dimensional political orientation of the middle class from the five related dimensions of political attention, political efficiency, political trust, opinion expression, and collective action. The results show that the political orientation of the two middle classes in the system is obviously conservative and stable, they show a high awareness of the recognition and maintenance of the existing order, and there is basically no negative evaluation of the government and the intention to seek change; the new middle class outside the system is in a position of “high economic status” and “low political status” shows a radical political orientation, their political attention and sensitivity are high, but their sense of political efficiency and political trust are obviously low, and there is a markedly high level of collective action participation experience or willingness; while the marginal middle class and the “old” middle class present a complex duality of political radicalism and indifference, and this duality is largely divided by age, market opportunity and living conditions. The middle class outside the system constitutes a potential unstable factor. It should focus on the integration of the class, the integration of interests, and the smooth of the upward mobility channels to foster and strengthen the middle class, so that it can better play the role of the “stabilizer” of society.

Key words: political orientation, middle class, market situation, institutional division, pluralism