社会杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 123-153.

• 专题：新劳工社会学 • 上一篇    下一篇

劳工输出、跨国生产政治与剥削关系的形成——中国赴日劳工的案例研究

刘兴花1, 王勇2   

  1. 1 华中科技大学马克思主义学院;
    2 湖北大学马克思主义学院
  • 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-05-20
  • 作者简介:刘兴花,E-mail:liuxinghua@hust.edu.cn

Labor Export,Transnational Production Politics and the Formation of Exploitation Relationship-A Case Study of Chinese Workers in Japan

LIU Xinghua1, WANG Yong2   

  1. 1 School of Marxism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology;
    2 School of Marxism, Hubei University
  • Online:2019-05-20 Published:2019-05-20

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摘要：

在全球化背景下，发展中国家向发达国家的劳工输出形塑了一种资方与劳方之间的剥削关系。基于中国赴日劳工的案例，本研究借助“跨国生产政治”的分析框架探讨这种剥削关系的形成机制。雇主和移工围绕加班工资展开博弈，而外劳制度对移工权利的限制及其赋予雇主的权力、不同国族移工的竞争以及跨国劳务中介的选择性庇护，使移工无论反抗还是消极服从，都可能面临加班福利缩减、加班机会丧失甚至工作丢失的困境。这种跨国生产体制具有“市场专制”性质，而外劳制度限制、资方对外劳制度缝隙的利用、全球过剩的劳动力市场、拆分型劳动力再生产体制共同体现了国际合同劳工面临的跨国生产政治，成为发达资本主义国家资本强制剥削再度出现的重要机制。

关键词: 劳工输出, 剥削关系, 加班福利, 跨国生产政治, 劳动控制

Abstract:

In the context of globalization,labor export from developing countries to developed countries has shaped a relationship of exploitation between employers and employees. This study presents the case of Chinese migrant workers' overtime pay in Japan and explores the formation mechanism of the exploitation using the analytic framework of "transnational production politics". Transnational migrant workers often see overtime as an indispensable opportunity to generate extra income to support families back home. This need is being taken advantage of by employers who habitually reduce overtime pay or not pay at all. Overtime pay often becomes a focal point of labor conflict. Because of the limited protection for migrant workers in the labor law of the host countries,the rights granted to employers by the foreign labor system,the competition from migrant workers of other nationalities and the selective asylum policy provided by transnational intermediaries,Chinese migrants suffer a dilemma of either surrendering to the low overtime pay or loosing overtime work,or even their job all together. Whether to resist or surrender,it seems that the outcome is all the same for migrant workers:they lose and employers win. This transnational production polity exercises its "market authoritarian". Elements such as constraints of the foreign labor system,loopholes in the system used by the employer,global surplus labors and separation of maintenance and renewal process in labor reproduction mode,reflect the transnational production politics peculiar to international contract labor mobility. It becomes an important mechanism for the re-emergence of the forced exploitation of capital in developed capitalist countries. Unlike the exploitative relationship between local workers and employers in developed countries,the exploitation between migrant workers and employers is born out of the imbalanced development between countries. Migrant workers not only have no protection of the host country's welfare system,but also are controlled by strict laws regarding foreign labor,and threatened by competition from other migrant workers. All this has put employers in a strong advantageous position in conflict.

Key words: labor export, exploitation relationship, overtime benefits, transnational production politics, labor control