社会杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 216-240.

• 论文 • 上一篇    

社会养老保障能削弱传统生育偏好吗？

阮荣平1, 焦万慧2, 郑风田3   

  1. 1. 中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;
    2. 清华大学社会科学学院、中国平安人寿保险股份有限公司北京分公司;
    3. 中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院
  • 发布日期:2021-07-22
  • 作者简介:阮荣平,E-mail:rrp34@126
  • 基金资助:
    本研究获得国家自然科学基金项目（编号72073134、71573266）和中国人民大学科学研究基金（中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金）（编号17XNI007）的资助。

Old-Age Social Security and Its Effect on Traditional Birth Preference

RUAN Rongping1, JIAO Wanhui2, ZHENG Fengtian3   

  1. 1. School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China;
    2. School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University;Beijing Branch, Ping An Life Insurance Co. of China Ltd;
    3. School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China
  • Published:2021-07-22
  • Supported by:
    This research is sponsored by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 72073134 & 71573266) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China (No.17XNI007).

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摘要： 本文基于CGSS2006、2010、2012、2013四期调查数据，分析了社会养老保障对中国城乡居民传统生育偏好的影响，并探讨了其中的作用机制。研究表明，参加基本养老保险能够显著削弱生育男孩的意愿。一方面，社会养老保障冲击了如“养孩防老”和“传宗接代”等传统生育观念；另一方面，它减轻了城市居民对“在经济上依赖别人”的养老之忧；此外，养老保障显著提高了民众的日常生活质量，有利于丰富日后的养老资源。由于城乡分化的户籍制度和城乡社会养老保障力度悬殊的现状，社会养老保障对农村居民传统生育偏好的削弱效应明显弱于城市居民。

关键词: 养老保障, 生育偏好, 城乡差异

Abstract: For thousands of years, the Chinese society has been affected by its patriarchal system that has an everlasting and strong stand of "boy preference". This study examines the impact of old-age social security on the traditional birth preference of Chinese urban and rural residents. The data is based on the four-phase survey of CGSS2006, CGSS2010, CGSS2012 and CGSS2013. The regression results show that participation in basic social security pension scheme has significant effect on birth preference. In summary, old-age social security can,(1) change people's attitudes toward traditional fertility values such as having sons for "old age security" and "carry-on family name";(2) reduce insecurity and dependency about old age among urban residents;(3) improve the quality of daily life and resources for the elderly. However, due to the household registration segregation and the social security expenditure disparity between urban and rural areas, old age pension has less effect on the traditional birth preference of rural residents. This study provides new insights into the impact of social security on important traditional cultural values at individual levels with a comparison between urban and rural residents.

Key words: pension security, nurturing preference, urban-rural differences