社会杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 159-194.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

竞争与博弈：课外补习的学业回报与心理健康代价

张骞, 高雅仪   

  1. 西安交通大学人文社会科学学院、 实证社会科学研究所
  • 发布日期:2022-07-16
  • 作者简介:张骞,E-mail:qzhang1123@qq.com

Competition and Game：The Academic Returns and Mental Health Costs of Private Tutoring

ZHANG Qian, GAO Yayi   

  1. School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University
  • Published:2022-07-16

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摘要： 在中国激烈的学业竞争和博弈背景下,课外补习的学业回报是否以心理健康作为代价？该议题牵涉对课外补习双重效应的考察和辨析。本研究通过分析中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)2014年和2015年的数据发现,尽管投入课外补习的时间能够促进学业成就,却以心理健康受影响作为代价。随着班级课外补习参与水平的提升,学生投入课外补习的时间对学业成绩的正向影响被逐渐削弱,而对心理健康的负向作用不断增强。心理健康代价增大的诱因主要是“社会比较效应”的减弱,以及“角色压力效应”和“睡眠剥夺效应”的增强。

关键词: 课外补习, 同辈竞争与博弈, 学业成绩, 心理健康

Abstract: Given the fact of the fierce academic competition and gaming in China, we ask the question of whether the academic return of private tutoring comes at the expense of mental health. This topic involves the investigation and analysis of the dual effects of private tutoring. In this paper, an analytical framework is constructed through mathematical derivation and theoretical deduction, and a multi-layer linear model is applied to explore the influence of individual time input and the level of participation in private tutoring on students' academic performance and mental health. We further explore the trend of the dual effect of private tutoring when there are changes in the level of participation in after-school tutoring of the class. By using the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data in the years of 2014 and 2015, this study reaches a solid and consistent finding that although investing time in private tutoring can boost academic achievement, it has a significant negative impact on students' mental health. With the increase of average tutoring and participation level in the class, the positive effect of the time invested in after-school tutoring on academic performance continues to weaken while the negative impact on mental health is gradually enhanced. The main triggers for increasing mental health impact are the weakening of the social comparison effect as well as the enhancement of the role stress effect and the sleep deprivation effect. In conclusion, this study reveals a trend that in the context of intense academic competition and challenges, over the time the academic reward of private tutoring reduces while the mental health cost rises. This conclusion has important theoretical significance in promoting further research on the micro-gaming mechanism and heterogeneity models of private tutoring. At the same time, it also provides some insights for other countries on policies of how to understand and respond to the phenomenon of private tutoring.

Key words: private tutoring, peer competition and game, academic achievement, mental health