社会杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 134-160.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

非自主回忆：普鲁斯特论个体记忆的社会性

刘亚秋   

  1. 中国社会科学院社会发展战略研究院
  • 发布日期:2022-10-25
  • 作者简介:刘亚秋,E-mail:yaqiuliu@163.com

Involuntary Memory:Proust's Thought on the Sociality of Individual Memory

LIU Yaqiu   

  1. National Institute of Social Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
  • Published:2022-10-25

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摘要： 哈布瓦赫集体记忆理论提供了“社会性”的视角，但没能深描个体创造社会的过程。普鲁斯特的记忆理论虽然也包含“社会性”维度，但并没有止步于此，而是呈现出社会与个体混融的社会形象，其中，不仅有社会的限制和引导二重性，还有个体的主动适应和创造：社会也内在于个体，个体也非纯粹的心理学意义上的个体，个体的创造离不开社会环境。这源于主客融合的立场，在这一视点下，普鲁斯特的社会形象不是二重性，而是多重的，甚至有无限可能。社会是在个体创造过程中的产物，在这一过程中，社会呈现出丰富的形象，社会的无限可能性蕴含在个体的创造过程中。

关键词: 普鲁斯特, 哈布瓦赫, 非自主回忆, 集体记忆, 个体记忆

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the sociality of Proust's individual memory focusing on "involuntary memory" ,as well as his theory on the relationship between society and individuals and its implications for sociological paradigms. "Sociality" comes from the perspective provided by Halbwach's theory of collective memory,a dimension that is also included in Proust's theory of memory,reflected typically in Proust's recollection of his grandmother.But Proust's memory theory does not stop there.This is manifested in the fact that under the tradition of Durkheim,Halbwach's theory of memory cannot describe in depth the process of how individuals create society.Nevertheless,the social image presented in Proust's memory theory is a blending of society and individual,including not just the duality of social restriction and guidance,but also the active adaptation and creation of individuals.This means that society is inherent in the individual,and the individual is not a purely psychological entity.The creation of the individual is inseparable from the social environment.From this standpoint of subject-object fusion,we can regard Proust's social image not just as duality but with multiple or even infinite possibilities.Society is a product materialised in the process of individual creation.In this process,society presents a rich image,and the infinite possibilities of society are contained in the process of individual creation.In Proust's theory of "involuntary memory",lifeness and sociality are two dimensions that exist at the same time,however,in any case,lifeness is the fundamental and it is Proust's first trust.He trusts more emotion and impression.Proust explains what "life essentials" are and how to be"life essentials"from the perspective of memory.In contrast,Halbwach takes sociality as his focus,arguing that individual memories with great life significance are constructed and determined by society.

Key words: M.Proust, M.Halbwach, involuntary memory, collective memory, individual memory