社会杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 132-159.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

再造微笑：实践知识在唇腭裂治疗中的生成

刘丹1, 黄盈盈2   

  1. 1. 香港大学社会学系;
    2. 中国人民大学性社会学研究所
  • 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-12-29
  • 作者简介:刘丹, E-mail：danliu21@connect.hku.hk
  • 基金资助:
    北京玉润公益基金会的资助(2020YRJK-004)。

Rebuilding Smiles: The Production of Knowledge-in-Practice in the Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment

LIU Dan1, HUANG Yingying2   

  1. 1. The Department of Sociology， The Universityof Hong Kong;
    2. Institute of Sexuality and Gender, Renmin University of China
  • Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-12-29
  • Supported by:
    This paper was sponsored by Yurun Foundation(2020YRJK-004).

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摘要： 本文基于实践的医疗社会学脉络，分析了唇腭裂治疗知识在实践情景下的生成过程与具体面向。 基于规范性的元主题，唇腭裂治疗的目标在于“打造正常面部、重建正常生活”。 一方面，围绕着面部重建手术，唇腭裂治疗的实践知识在具体情境下生成了两种身体技术——护理按摩与语音训练——分别形塑着孩子外显态与功能态的身体，使之不断接近正常。 另一方面，随着治疗进程的推进和孩子的成长发展，“重建正常生活”的逻辑进一步凸显，成为唇腭裂治疗实践知识的另一个侧面， 具体体现为两种生活逻辑——遵循成长发展轨迹和挖掘个体的身体价值。 这两种逻辑旨在培养社会态、 行动态的身体潜力，倡导遵循儿童成长轨迹，并在此基础上发展特长、赢得竞争，以应对健全主义社会的背景下唇腭裂儿童未来强烈的不确定性。 通过治疗的日常化以及育儿实践的医学化，这些规范性的实践知识从医疗场景延伸到社会生活，由医学知识转变为社会化知识。

关键词: 实践知识, 唇腭裂治疗, 身体, 育儿

Abstract: This study of practical medical sociology analyzes the process as well as specific aspects of practical knowledge production in the treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP). Based on our fieldwork and in-depth interviews, this paper finds that as the meta-theme of cleft lip and palate treatment normalization is the goal to“create a normal face and reconstruct a normal life” for CLP patients. The sequential treatment method for cleft lip and palate in China， influenced by the western concepts， is a gradually localised “standard” treatment paradigm that stipulates the necessity of intervention in the socialization process of child development in addition to the treatment in order to rebuild normal life in the future. This normative therapeutic paradigm generates different aspects in the specific practice process. On the one hand， centering on facial reconstructive surgeries， Knowledge-in-Practice of CLP treatment aims to build normal faces for the patients. It facilitates two body techniques in situated medical treatment - nursing massage and language therapy. These two techniques jointly shape the patients’ visible body and functional body and thereby “normalise” patients. On the other hand， as the treatment progresses and CLP children grow， the goal of“reconstructing a normal life” becomes prominent in the intervention. It embodies the other aspect of knowledge- in-Practice of CLP treatment： “normal life” means to follow the development trajectories of ordinary children but also explore the bodily values of individuals with CLP. It encourages CLP children to cultivate individual specialties and win peer competitions in order to copy with the strong uncertainty of the future of CLP individuals. During the processes of routinizing treatment into everyday life and medicalizing parenting practice， the application of normative medical knowledge extends from medical settings to social life， and medical knowledge transforms into socialized knowledge as well. This paper attempts to bridge the gap between medical knowledge and practice， and between biology and society. It reevaluates the multi-dimensional， dynamic and value-related therapeutic practice so as to reflect on the action logic of each subject behind the treatment and the process of knowledge production. Finally， it enriches the empirical research on“marginalized bodies” from the perspective of medical sociology.

Key words: knowledge-in-practice, cleft lip and palate treatment, body, parenting