社会杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 188-213.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

时间之窗与时间之创——留守经历对主观幸福感影响的时间效应

刘志军, 杨帅, 王岩   

  1. 浙江大学社会学系
  • 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-12-29
  • 作者简介:刘志军, E-mail：liu17@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省之江青年项目“留守经历的时间效应研究”(18ZJQN01YB)和国家自然科学基金面上项目“留守经历的长期影响、作用机制与对策研究”(71774138)的资助。

Window of Time and Trauma of Time: The Temporal Effect of Left-Behind Experience on Subjective Well-Being

LIU Zhijun, YANG Shuai, WANG Yan   

  1. Department of Sociology， Zhejiang University
  • Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-12-29
  • Supported by:
    This research was supported by“Time Effect of Left-Behind Experience”(18ZJQN01YB) of Zhijiang Youth Project of Zhejiang Province and “Long Term Consequences of Left-Behind Experience and Its Mechanisms and Countermeasures”(71774138) of National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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摘要： 本文从生命历程视角出发，基于 2018 年“中国劳动力动态调查”数据，从累积留守时长、结束留守时长、留守阶段、留守时监护类型等维度分析了童年期留守经历对个体成年后主观幸福感的影响。 研究发现，留守经历对个体主观幸福感有长期负面影响，并具有“双重时间效应”：累积留守时间越长，对留守者成年后主观幸福感造成的负面冲击越大， 且留守者成年后主观幸福感并不会因结束留守时长的增加而回升； 留守经历对个体主观幸福感的负面影响呈现“初中留守＜小学留守＜学前留守”的逆向递增特点，即学前阶段是影响个体主观幸福感的“关键窗口”；无论是哪个阶段，单亲监护和祖辈监护都会对个体主观幸福感产生负面影响，且呈现“单亲监护>祖辈监护>双亲监护”的特点。

关键词: 留守经历, 主观幸福感, 时长效应, 时间窗效应, 监护效应

Abstract: Existing studies have mainly focused on the current and short-or medium-term effects of left-behind experience， but lacked sufficient attention to the long-term and time-window effects， as well as the repair of negative effects of the experience. From the perspective of life course， based on the 2018 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)， this study analyzes the time effect of the childhood left- behind experience on the subjective well-being of adulthood in four aspects: cumulative length of left-behind， length after left-behind experience terminated， stages of being left-behind and different guardianship of left-behind. The results show that first， the experience of left-behind has a long-term negative impact on the subjective well-being of individuals， and shows a “double time effect”， that is， on the one hand， the longer the cumulative time of left-behind， the greater the negative impact in adulthood； on the other hand， the increase of the length of the post-left-behind period does not correspond to the increase of subjective well-being in adulthood. Second， the negative impact shows a reversed increasing characteristic of left-behind at age of junior middle school < at age of primary school < at age of preschool， indicating that the preschool stage is the“key window” affecting adulthood most critically. Third， regardless of the stage， single-parent and grandparent custody present negative impact on individuals with the former worse than the later. Finally， the propensity score matching method applied in the paper verifies the robustness of the impact of childhood left-behind experiences at all stages on individual subjective well-being in adulthood. This study confirms the enduring effects of childhood experiences on subjective well-being in adulthood， and reveals the duration effect， time window effect， and guardianship effect of childhood experiences.

Key words: left-behind experience, subjective well-being, Time Effect, Stage of Being Left-Behind, Custody Effect