社会杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 91-116.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

王冠的尊荣与社会整全性——试论英国君主立宪制的社会理论基础

国曦今()   

  • 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-19
  • 作者简介:国曦今  北京师范大学社会学院, E-mail：poplar_guo@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金青年项目“早期英国社会理论中的文明互鉴机制研究”(24CSH002)

Dignity of Crown and the Integrity of Society: On the Social Theoretical Basis of British Constitutional Monarchy

Xijin GUO()   

  • Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-19
  • About author:GUO Xijin, School of Sociology, Beijing Normal University, E-mail: poplar_guo@163.com
  • Supported by:
    a research result of the theme"the Mechanism Analysis of Civilizational Exchange and Mutual Learning Among the Early British Social Theory" of the Youth Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(24CSH002)

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摘要：

君主立宪制是英国现代政体的基础，但君主的政治含义无法在社会契约论中获得完整的解释。柏克率先反思基于自然权利的社会契约论，认为英国的民主政治来源于宪制传统，王权的保留是对宪制精神的延续。白哲特强调政体中的尊荣原则，认为女王是社会的首领，王权代表社会的整全性。弗雷泽进一步为君主立宪制建立了社会理论基础。他通过对王权神圣性的机制分析指出，君主承担了社会的公共责任，造就了一个以国王为核心的风俗文化共同体。这在历史上被以“王在咨议会在议会之中”的宪制形式确立下来，成为英国社会整全性的制度化体现。今天，重新反思英国君主立宪制的社会理论基础，对于维护社会秩序、重塑传统文化价值以及培育社会情感具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 神圣王权理论, 英国社会, 君主立宪制, 弗雷泽

Abstract:

Constitutional monarchy is the foundation of the modern British political system, and the political significance of the monarchy cannot be fully explained in the social contract theory.Edmund Burke was the first to reflect on the social contract theory based on natural rights, arguing that British democratic politics stemmed from the constitutional tradition, and the retention of the crown was a continuation of the spirit of the constitution. Stimulated by the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, and faced with the tendency towards individualism caused by the theory of natural rights and the social contract theory, British conservatism resorted to historical traditions, and emphasized the role of the constitution in maintaining the integrity of society. Walter Bagehot reintroduced the principle of dignity in the political system, arguing that the Queen was the head of society, and that the principle of society was another foundation independent of the principle of government efficiency. As the representative of society, the Queen highlights the wholeness of society. Upon this foundation, James Frazer established a social theoretical basis for constitutional monarchy. He broke away from the dualistic Christian division of sacred and secular political theory and examined the historical forms of kingship and the relationship between royal and divine authority. He argued that the sanctity of the king came from his social responsibilities, and the king became the head of society by creating a customary and cultural community centered around himself through sacrificial rites. In British history, the constitutional tradition of "the King in the council in the Parliament" is the embodiment of the totality of society centered on the king. However, it was established in an early institutionalized form and became the main content of the British political system. By exploring the social significance of the monarchy in constitutional monarchy and re-emphasizing the integrity of society, conservatives helped to maintain the social order amidst the changes of the times, and reshaped the traditional cultural values, and cultivated the social sentiments of the citizens.

Key words: divine right of king, the integrity of British society, constitutional monarchy, James Frazer