社会杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 151-179.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

父职类型学：“以体育儿”的实践形式与动机结构

胡荣, 艾裕宸*()   

  • 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者: 艾裕宸
  • 作者简介:

    胡荣  厦门大学社会与人类学院

    HU Rong, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University

A Typology of Fatherhood: Practice Forms and Motivational Structures in Fathers' Sport-Based Childrearing

Rong HU, Yuchen AI*()   

  • Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-07-24
  • Contact: Yuchen AI

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摘要：

基于对20组城市家庭的深度访谈与观察，本文把父亲通过体育活动的方式参与子女养育的实践作为分析对象，考察了父亲“以体育儿”的实践形式及其动机。研究发现，父亲的“以体育儿”实践在形式上可分为间歇性参与与常态化参与，在动机上则呈现为关系发展导向与社会再生产导向。两种分类交叉形成四种父职理想类型：仪式性象征父职、情感性辅助父职、策略性守成父职和制度性陪伴父职。这四种类型表明，父亲参与育儿的形式稳定性与行动动机并不总是同步：间歇性参与可能包含亲密补偿的意愿，规律陪伴也可能会延续子女塑造、父亲权威和家庭分工再生产。研究还发现，子女的性别会影响父亲的行动逻辑，使不同父职类型在父子/父女组合中呈现差异化。因此，父职转型并不是从缺席到参与的线性过程，而是在参与形式与行动动机的不同组合中呈现为内部分化。

关键词: 父职, 以体育儿, 实践形式, 动机结构, 类型学

Abstract:

Based on in-depth interviews and observations of 20 urban families, this paper takes fathers' participation in childrearing through sports as its empirical object and examines the practice forms and action motivations of what it conceptualizes as sport-based fathering. The study finds that fathers' sport-based childrearing practices can be divided, in terms of form, into intermittent participation and routinized participation; in terms of motivation, they are shaped by two major orientations: relationship development and social reproduction. The former emphasizes intimate companionship, emotional compensation, and the cultivation of parent-child relationships, while the latter points to child training, intergenerational expectations, paternal authority, and the reproduction of family divisions of labor. By cross-analyzing practice forms and motivational structures, the article identifies four ideal types of fatherhood: ritual-symbolic fatherhood, affective-assistive fatherhood, strategic-conservative fatherhood, and institutionalized-companionate fatherhood. These four types show that the transformation of fatherhood does not necessarily involve a simultaneous shift in both the forms of involvement and the motivations behind them; rather, there may be a decoupling between the two: occasional participation may stem from a desire for closeness, whereas regular involvement may serve to continue shaping and disciplining children and maintaining existing family roles. The study further finds that the child's gender influences a father's decision-making logic, resulting in a differentiated distributions of fathering styles between father-son and father-daughter pairs. The article thus argues that the transformation of fatherhood is not a linear process from absence to participation, but rather an internally differentiated process generated through different combinations of participation forms and action motivations. Understanding contemporary fatherhood practices therefore requires moving beyond whether fathers are present or how much they participate, and it must further examine the logic by which fathers enter the parenting arena.

Key words: fatherhood, sport-based fathering, practice forms, motivational structures, Typology