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政策执行与权力关系重构——以S市2003年市级居委会直选政策的制订过程为个案

姚华

  

  1. 姚华 上海师范大学法政学院公共管理系教师
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-11-20 发布日期:2007-11-20

Policy Implementation and Power Structure Reconstruction——The Case Study of the DirectElection Policy Formulating Process by City S’s Residential Committee in 2003

Yao Hua

  

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-11-20 Published:2007-11-20

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摘要：

本文运用政策执行研究“自下而上模式”的一些有价值的观点与方法，以及组织决策分析的概念工具，根据个案调查取得的经验材料与文献资料，对S市2003年居委会直选政策的制订过程加以考察，得出如下结论：政策执行过程，既是一个连续不断的互动过程、一个行动者的决策过程，同时也是一个权力关系重构的过程；与科层组织中依职能分工和职位分层而产生的静态的、单向的权力关系完全不同，在政策执行过程中，行动者通过策略性互动重构的权力关系是动态的、多向的；居委会直选之所以能够在体制冲突的背景下得以实施，是政策执行过程中权力关系重构的结果。

关键词: 行动者, 政策执行, 权力, 权力关系, 策略行动

Abstract: This paper examines the directelection policy formulating process by City S’s Residential Committee in 2003 based on the empirical data from a case study. With the help of some valuable viewpoints and methods in the “BottomUp Model” in the policy implementation research and the conceptual instruments for organizational decisionmaking analysis， we have come to the following conclusions: Policy implementation is not only a continuous， dynamic process or a decisionmaking process by the agent， but also a power structure reconstruction process. Completely different from the static and unidirectional power relations in the bureaucratic structure based on role functions and rank positions， the power structure rebuilt through agent’s strategic interactions during the policy implementing process is a dynamic and multidirectional one. The successful execution of the direct election of the Residential Committee in the context of conflicting systems was a product of the reconstructed power relations during the policy implementing process.

Key words: agent, policy implementation, power, power relations, strategic action