消费主义和“同志”空间：都市生活的另类欲望地图

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于对在成都市同性恋社区中桑拿、酒吧和健身房等“同志”商业性场所的民族志研究，本文以列斐伏尔的“空间的生产”的视角，探讨了在目前中国都市消费革命的推动下，作为新的“差异空间”的“同志”空间的生产和发展。笔者认为，市场经济和消费主义的兴起，使传统上属于私人领域的同性恋问题被置于属于公共范畴的市场经济之中，并赢得了新的社会合法性。虽然仍然面临诸多来自国家和社会的压制，但“同志”人群公共空间的拓展，从一个侧面反映了消费革命所带来的“解放”和“自由”。这些商业性场所是“同志”社区的重要组成部分，通过参与社区的活动，同志人群在性、语言、兴趣和价值观念等方面彼此认同，构成了后来“同志运动”得以发展的文化基础。

关键词: 消费主义, “同志”空间, 都市生活方式, 外籍就业人员, 空间, 同质群体, 强势外来者适应假设

Abstract:

Based on an ethnographic study of such tongzhi businesses as saunas， bars and gyms in Chengdu’s gay community， this paper discusses the emergence and development of the new “deviated space” or “tongzhi space” driven by the consumer revolution in contemporary Chinese cities from Lefebvre’s perspective of “production of space”. The author argues that the rise of market economy and consumerism has pushed the issue of homosexuality out of the private sphere to the public market economy. Homosexuality has thus earned its social legitimacy for the first time. Although still facing repression from the state and the mainstream society， the expansion of the gay （tongzhi） population’s public space nevertheless reflects on one facet the “liberation” and “freedom” enabled by the ongoing consumer revolution. The commercial places are an important part of the tongzhi community. By partaking in the community activities， the homosexuals identify with one another in sexuality， language， interests， and values， having thus constructed the cultural basis for the tongzhi movement.

Key words: consumerism, tongzhi space, urban lifestyle,

professional alien residents, spatial , homogeneous group , the adaption proposition of powerful alien residents

魏伟. 消费主义和“同志”空间：都市生活的另类欲望地图[J]. 社会杂志, 2009, 29(4): 79-106.

WEI Wei. Consumerism and Tongzhi Space： The Routing of Alternative Desires in Urban Life[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2009, 29(4): 79-106.

参考文献

戴慧思．主编． 2006．中国都市消费革命
[M]．北京：社会科学文献出版社．
李银河． 1998．同性恋亚文化
[M]．北京：今日中国出版社．
魏伟．2007．城里的“飘飘”：成都本地同性恋身份的形成和变迁
[J]．社会（1）．
Achiles， Nancy. 1967. “The Development of the Homosexual Bar as an Institution.” In Sexual Deviance， edited by John Gagnon and William Simon. New York： Harper and Row.
Adam， Barry D.， Jan Willem Duyvendak and Andre Krouwel. 1999. The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics： National Imprints of a Worldwide Movement. Philadelphia： Temple University Press.
Altman， Dennis. 1982. The Homosexualization of America. New York： St Martin’s Press.
——. 2002. Global Sex. Chicago： University of Chicago Press.
Bell， David and Gill Valentine. 1994. Mapping Desire： Geographies of Sexualities. New York： Routledge.
Boyd， Nan Alamilla. 2003. WideOpen Town： A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965. Berkeley： University of California Press.
Butler， Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble： Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York： Routledge.
Castells， Manuel. 1983. The City and the Grassroots： A CrossCultural Theory of Urban Social Movements. Berkeley： University of California Press.
de Certeau ，Michel.1999. “Walking in the City.” In The Cultural Studies Readers， edited by Simon During. New York： Routledge.
Chauncey， George. 1994. Gay New York： Gender Urban Culture and the Making of the Gay Male World， 18901940. New York： Basic Books.
Chou， Wahshan. 2000. Tongzhi： Politics of SameSex Eroticism in Chinese Societies. New York： Haworth.
Connell， R. W. 1995. Masculinities. Berkeley： University of California Press.
Epstein， Steven. 1987. “Gay Politics， Ethnic Identity： The Limits of Social Constructionism.” Socialist Review 93 / 94：954.
——. 1999. “Gay and Lesbian Movements in the United States： Dilemma of Identity， Diversity， and Political Strategy.” In The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics： National Imprints of a Worldwide Movement， edited by Barry D. Adma， Jan Willem Duyvendak， and Andre Krouwel. Philadelphia： Temple University Press.
Evans， Harriet. 1997. Women and Sexuality in China： Female Sexuality and Gender Since 1949. New York： Continuum.
Foucault， Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality： An Introduction. New York： Vintage.
——. 1979. Discipline and Punish. New York： Vintage.
Geyer， Robert. 2003.“AIDS in China： Strength and Vulnerabilities of the Gay Male Community.”YaleChina Health Journal： 5570.
Giddens， Anthony. 1991. Modernity and SelfIdentity： Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford， CA： Stanford University Press.
Gottdiener， Mark. 1991. “Space， Social Theory， and the Urban Metaphor.” Current Perspectives in Social Theory 11： 295311.
Higgins， Ross. 1999. “Baths， Bushes， and Belong： Public Sex and Gay Community in PreStonewall Montreal.” In Public Sex / Gay Space， edited by William Leap. New York： Columbia University Press.
Humphreys， Laud. 1970. Tearoom Trade： Impersonal Sex in Public Places. Chicago： Aldine.
Ingram， Gordon B.， AnneMarie Bouthillette and Yolanda Retter. 1997. Queers in Space： Communities， Public Places， Sites of Resistance. Seattle， WA： Bay Press.
Jeffreys， Elaine. 2004. China， Sex， and Prostitution. London： RoutledgeCurzon.
Klein， Alan M. 1989. “Managing Deviance： Hustling， Homophobia， and the Bodybuilding Subculture.” Deviant Behavior 10：1127.
Kong， Travis S.K. 2004. “Queer at Your Own Risk： Marginality， Community and Hong Kong Gay Male Bodies.” Sexualities 7 （1）：530.
Leap， William. 1999. Public Sex / Gay Space. New York： Columbia University Press.
Lefebvre， Henri. 1991. The Production of Space. Trans. Donald NicholsonSmith. New York： Blackwell Press.
Levine， Martin P. 1998. Gay Macho： The Life and Death of the Homosexual Clone. New York： New York University Press.
Louise， Kam. 2002. Theorizing Chinese Masculinity： Society and Gender in China. Cambridge ， UK： Cambridge University Press.
Lunsing， Wim. 1999.“Japan： Finding its Way?” In The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics： National Imprints of a Worldwide Movement， edited by Barry D. Adma， Jan Willem Duyvendak， and Andre Krouwel. Philadelphia： Temple University Press.
Murray， Stephen O. 1996. American Gay. Chicago： University of Chicago Press.
Nardi， Peter M. 1982. “Alcoholism and Homosexuality.” Journal of Homosexuality 7：925.
——. 2000. Gay Masculinities. Thousand Oaks， CA： Sage.
Sang， Tzelan Deborah. 2003. The Emerging Lesbian： Female SameSex Desire in Modern China. Chicago： University of Chicago Press.
Seidman， Steven. 1997. Difference Troubles： Queering Social Theory and Sexual Politics. New York： Cambridge University Press.
Soja， Edward W. 1996. Thirdspace： Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Realand Imagined Place. Cambridge MA： Blackwell Publishing Inc.
Sommer， Mathew H. 2002. “Dangerous Males， Vulnerable Males， and Polluted Males： The Regulation of Masculinity in Qing Dynasty Law.” In Chinese Femininities， Chinese Masculinities： A Reader， ed. Susan Brownell and Jeffery Wasserstrom.Berkeley： University of California Press.
Tattelman， Ira. 1997. “The Meaning at the Wall： Tracing the Gay Bathhouse.” In Queers in Space： Communities， Public Places， Sites of Resistance， edited by Gordon B. Ingram， AnneMarie Bouthillette， and Yolanda Retter. Seattle， WA： Bay Press.
Troiden， Richard. 1988. Gay and Lesbian Identity： A Sociological Analysis. New York： General Hall.
Warren， Carol A. B. 1974. Identity and Community in the Gay World. New York： John Wiley & Sons， Inc.
Wei， Wei. 2006. “Going Public： The Production and Transformation of Queer Spaces in Postsocialist Chengdu， China.” Dissertation， Loyola University Chicago， Chicago， USA.
——. 2007. “Wandering Men No Longer Wander Around： The Production and Transformation of Local Homosexual Identities in Contemporary Chengdu， China.” InterAsia Cultural Studies 8（4）： 572588.
Wright， Talmadge. 1997. Out of Place： Homeless Mobilizations， Subcities， and Contested Landscapes. Albany： State University of New York Press.

责任编辑：劳勤

[1]	盛智明, 周晴. 权力空间与治理绩效——基于“上海都市社区调查”的分析[J]. 社会杂志, 2021, 41(5): 1-30.
[2]	曾东林, 吴晓刚, 陈伟. 移民的空间聚集与群体社会距离：来自上海的证据[J]. 社会杂志, 2021, 41(5): 56-79.
[3]	刘子曦, 黄燕华. 性别是一种生产力：酒吧中的性别景观构建及维系[J]. 社会杂志, 2021, 41(5): 153-179.
[4]	方长春, 刘欣. 地理空间与住房不平等:基于CFPS2016的经验分析[J]. 社会杂志, 2020, 40(4): 163-190.
[5]	李阿琳. 没有公众的公共空间:北京大栅栏院落调整中的国家与个人[J]. 社会杂志, 2020, 40(1): 25-44.
[6]	边燕杰, 缪晓雷. 论社会网络虚实转换的双重动力[J]. 社会杂志, 2019, 39(6): 1-22.
[7]	张帆. 非人间、曼陀罗与我圣朝:18世纪五台山的多重空间想象和身份表达[J]. 社会杂志, 2019, 39(6): 149-186.
[8]	周雪光, 艾云, 葛建华, 顾慧君, 李兰, 卢清莲, 赵伟, 朱灵. 中国地方政府官员的空间流动:层级分流模式与经验证据[J]. 社会杂志, 2018, 38(3): 1-45.
[9]	刘伟. 在华外籍就业人员的社会适应[J]. 社会杂志, 2010, 30(1): 152-177.
[10]	刘伟. 在华外籍就业人员的社会适应[J]. 社会杂志, 2010, 30(1): 152-.
[11]	时培建. 空间点格局分析和社会研究[J]. 社会杂志, 2009, 29(5): 187-205.
[12]	胡淼森. 空间的嬗变、私化与终结:以Z.鲍曼的后现代空间思想为中心[J]. 社会杂志, 2009, 29(3): 74-100.
[13]	林晓珊. 国外汽车消费社会学研究述评[J]. 社会杂志, 2008, 28(6): 194-214 .
[14]	杨善华;宋倩. 税费改革后中西部地区乡镇政权自主空间的营造:以河北Y县为例[J]. 社会杂志, 2008, 28(4): 87-106 .
[15]	王建民. 社会转型中的象征二元结构:以农民工群体为中心的微观权力分析 [J]. 社会杂志, 2008, 28(2): 77-77 .