社会学的传记取向：当代社会学进展的一种维度

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 20世纪80年代前后，传记取向成为社会（科）学中众多转向或取向的一种。相较于20世纪二三十年代由芝加哥学派引领的传记研究，这一取向的范围更为宽广。它关注个人经历、历史与文化之间的交互作用，反对奉实证主义为圭臬的社会科学研究，重视人的主体性与能动性。这一取向消解或者说超越了传统的二元论或二分法，促使社会学家反思自己的概念架构、研究方法以及书写实践。虽然在晚近的发展中，一些学者甚至提出了自传/传记社会学这一具有分支学科性质的指称，但这一取向还是“浮现中的实践”，尚处于晚熟状态，因此还存在不少争议，布尔迪厄甚至从根本上将传记视为一种幻觉。随着“传记时代”的来临，传记社会学势将成为一个开创性的研究领域。

关键词: 传记社会学, 传记, 传记取向, 社会学自传记幻觉

Abstract: Compared with the long history of auto/biography, biographical research in social sciences is fairly a recent thing. There has been a major turn towards biographical approaches in social science (especially in sociology) since the 1980s. Used by Chicago School in the 1920s-1930s, biographical sociology has been supplemented and enlarged ever since. It explores the interplay of biography, culture, and history, and represents the sociological imagination promoted by Wright Mills. The turn, generally speaking, is a reaction against the positivistic domination grounded in social research, emphasizing the role of individual subjectivity and human agency in social life. The turn tries to overcome a series of dualisms or dichotomies inherent in traditional sociological theories. It intends to guide sociologists to rethink about the conceptual framework, topics of enquiry, and also the procedures and practices at the heart of sociology and other social sciences. However, this emergent turn remains controversial. Pierre Bourdieu even denounces it as an illusion. Despite this, biographical sociology will claim a bigger place in academic research with the coming of socalled “the age of biography”. For its further growth, biographical sociology needs to develop its own framework, referring to classic sociological theories，and also to advance its capability of producing original knowledge about social structure and process from the study of individual life stories.

Key words: (the) biographical turn, sociological autobiography, biography, auto/biographical sociology, biographical illusion

鲍磊. 社会学的传记取向：当代社会学进展的一种维度[J]. 社会杂志, 2014, 34(5): 174-205.

BAO Lei. #br# The Biographical Turn in Sociology: A Dimension of Contemporary Sociology[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2014, 34(5): 174-205.

参考文献

参考文献（References）
艾利丝，卡洛琳、亚瑟·P.博克纳.2007.作为主体的研究者：自我的民族志、个体叙事、自反性［G］//定性研究（第3卷）：经验资料收集与分析的方法.风笑天,等, 译. 重庆大学出版社: 777-822.
艾略特,布莱恩.1999.传记、家庭史与社会变迁研究［G］//解释过去，了解现在——历史社会学. S. 肯德里克、P. 斯特劳、D.麦克尤, 编.王辛慧, 译. 上海人民出版社: 118-147.
布尔迪厄，皮埃尔.1997.文化资本与社会炼金术［M］. 包亚明, 译. 上海人民出版社.
布尔迪厄，皮埃尔、华康德. 1998.实践与反思［M］. 李猛、李康, 译.北京：中央编译出版社.
布尔迪厄，皮埃尔.2012. 自我分析纲要［M］. 刘晖,译. 北京：中国人民大学出版社.
布鲁尔，约翰.2009. 想象《社会学的想像力》——一个社会学经典的传记背景［G］//转型社会的研究立场和方法.闻翔, 译. 李友梅、孙立平、沈原, 主编. 北京：社科文献出版社: 183-202.
蔡锦昌.2001.舒兹—柏格派的现象学社会学论述［J］.东吴社会学报(11)：203-211.
成伯清.2006.走出现代性——当代西方社会学理论的重新定向［M］.北京：社科文献出版社.
狄尔泰，威廉.2010.精神科学中历史世界的建构［M］.安延明,译.北京: 中国人民大学出版社.
狄尔泰，威廉.2011.历史中的意义［M］.艾彦,译.南京: 译林出版社.
勒高夫，雅克.2002.圣路易［M］.许明龙, 译. 北京：商务印书馆.
勒热讷，菲利浦.2001.自传契约［M］.杨国政,译. 北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店.
米尔斯，C. 赖特.2005.社会学的想像力［M］. 陈强、张永强，译. 北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店.
谢立中.2010. 帕森斯“分析的实在论”：反实证主义，还是另类的实证主义？［J］. 江苏社会科学（6）: 19-24.
亚历山大，杰弗里·C .2008.社会学的理论逻辑（第一卷）［M］.于晓,等, 译. 北京：商务印书馆.
杨正润.2009.现代传记学［M］. 南京大学出版社。
周晓虹.2002. 经典社会学的历史贡献与局限［J］.江苏行政学院学报（4）: 60-66.
周晓虹.2004. 芝加哥社会学派的贡献与局限［J］.社会科学研究（6）: 94-98.
朱文华.1993.传记通论［M］.上海：复旦大学出版社。
Arendt，Hannah.1958. The Human Condition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Atkinson, Paul and Amanda Coffey. 1995.“Realism and Its Discontents: On the Crisis of Cultural Representation in Ethnographic Texts.”In Theorizing Culture: An Interdisciplinary Critique after PostModernism, edited by Barbara Adam and Stuart Allan. London: UCL Press.
Barry，Kathleen.1987. “Biography Is Society.” Qualitative Sociology 10(1)：84-87.
Bertaux, Daniel. 1982.“The Life Course Approach as a Challenge to the Social Sciences.” In Ageing and Life Course Transitions: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, edited by Tamara K. Hareven and Kathleen J. Adams. London: Tavistock.
Bertaux, Daniel. 1996.“A Response to Thierry Kochuyt’s Biographical and Empiricist Illusions: A Reply to Recent Criticism.”Biography & Society Newsletter (December): 2-6.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2004. “The Biographical Illusion,”translated by Yves Winkin and Wendy LeedsHurwitz. In Identity: A Reader, edited by Paul Du Gay, Jessica Evans and Peter Redman.London: Sage Publications: 297-303.
Bowker, Graham. 1993,“The Age of Biography Is upon Us.”Times Higher Education Supplement (8 January)：9.
BRE.2007.“Hard Livin’: Bare Life, Autoethnography and the Homeless Body.” In Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations, Collective Theorization, edited by Stevphen Shukaitis and David Graeber. San Francisco: AK: 223-241.
Bryman，Alan.2002.“Series Editor’s Foreword.”In Biographical Research（Brian Roberts）. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Chamberlayne, Prue, Joanna Bornat, and Ursula Apitzsch. 2000. The Turn to Biographical Methods in Social Science: Comparative Issues and Examples. London and New York: Routledge.
Coffey，Amanda.2001. Education and Social Change. Buckingham Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Coffey，Amanda.2004. Reconceptualizing Social Policy: Sociological Perspectives on Contemporary Social Policy. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Denzin, Norman K. 2005. Interpretive Guidelines, Biographical Research Methods(Volume IV). London: Sage.
Ellis, Carolyn. 1999. “Heartful Autoethnography.” Qualitative Health Research9(5): 669-83.
Ellis, Carolyn and Arthur P. Bochner. 1996. Composing Ethnography. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira.
Ellis, Carolyn and Arthur P. Bochner. 2000.“Autoethnography, Personal Narrative, Reflexivity: Researcher as Subject.”In Handbook of Qualitative Research，edited by Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Erben, Michael.1998.“Biography and Research Method.” In Biography and Education: A Reader，edited by Michael Erben. London: Falmer Press.
Friedman，Norman L. 1990.“Review of Autobiographical Sociology.”The American Sociologist 21（1）：60-66.
Gans, Herbert J.1999.“Participant Observation in the Era of ‘Ethnography’.”Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 28（5）: 540-548.
Giddens, Anthony.1984.The Constitution of Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Hamilton，Nigel.2007.Biography：A Brief History. Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press.
Horowitz，Irving Lewis.1983. C. Wright Mills: An American Utopia. New York：The Free Press.
Jrvinen，Margaretha. 2000.“The Biographical Illusion: Constructing Meaning in Qualitative Interviews.”Qualitative Inquiry 6(3): 370-391.
Karadagˇ, Meltem.2011.“Reflexivity and Common Sense Knowledge: The Paradoxes of Bourdieu’s Sociology of Practice.”Eurasian Journal of Anthropology 2(1): 40-47.
Kebede，Alem. 2009.“Practicing Sociological Imagination through Writing Sociological Autobiography.”Teaching Sociology 37（4）：353-368.
Laslett，Barbara.1991.“Biography as Historical Sociology: The Case of William Fielding Ogburn.”Theory and Society 20: 511-538.
MacLure，Margaret. 2003. Discourse in Educational and Social Research. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Mascuch, Michael. 1997. Origins of the Individualist Self: Autobiography and SelfIdentity in England, 1591-1791. Cambridge: The Polity Press.
Merton, Robert K. 1988.“Some Thoughts on the Concept of Sociological Autobiography.”In Sociological Lives,edited by Matilda White Riley. London: Sage.
Merrill，Barbara and Linden West. 2009. Using Biographical Methods in Social Research. London: Sage.
Miller, Robert L. 2000. Researching Life Stories and Family Histories. London: Sage.
Mills, C. Wright. 2000. The Sociological Imagination. New York：Oxford University Press.
Morgan, David. 1998.“Sociological Imaginings and Imagining Sociology: Bodies, Auto/Biographies and other Mysteries.”Sociology 32(4): 647-663.
Mykhalovskiy, Eric. 1997.“Reconsidering ‘Table Talk’: Critical Thoughts on the Relationship between Sociology, Autobiography and SelfIndulgence.” In Reflexivity and Voice, edited by R. Hertz. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
O’Neill, Maggie and Ramaswami Harindranath. 2006.“Theorising Narratives of Exile and Belonging: The Importance of Biography and EthnoMimesis in ‘Understanding’ Asylum.” Qualitative Sociology Review 2(1): 39-53.
Olney, James. 1980.“Some Versions of Memory/Some Versions of Bios: The Ontology of Autobiography.”In Autobiography: Essay Theoretical and Critical，edited by James Olney. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 3-27.
Okely, Judith, and Helen Callaway. 1992. Anthropology and Autobiography. London: Routledge.
Page，Charles H. 1959. “Sociology as a Teaching Enterprise.” In Sociology Today：Problems and Prospects，edited by Robert K. Merton，Leonard Broom and Jr. Leonard S. Cottrell. New York: Basic Books.
Paechter, Caroline. 1998. Educating the Other: Gender, Power and Schooling. London: Falmer.
Plummer, Ken.2001.Documents of Life: An Invitation to a Critical Humanism. London: Sage.
Richardson, Laurel. 1990.“Narrative and Sociology.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography (1): 116-135.
Riley, Matilda White.1988. Sociological Lives. London: Sage.
Roberts, Brian. 2002. Biographical Research. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Roberts, Brian and Riitta Kyllonen. 2006.“Editorial Introduction: Special Issue: Biographical Sociology.”Qualitative Sociology Review 2（1）：3-6.
Roos, Julia P. 1987. “From Farm to Office: Family, SelfConfidence and the New Middle Class.”Life Stories 3: 7-20.
Rosen, Harold. 1998. Speaking from Memory: A Guide to Autobiographical Acts and Practices.Oakhill: Trentham Books.
Rosenthal，Fischer Wolfram. 2000.“Biographical Work and Biographical Structuring in PresentDay Societies.”In The Turn to Biographical Methods in Social Science: Comparative Issues and Examples, edited by Chamberlayne. London and New York: Routledge：109-125.
Rosenthal，Gabriele.2004.“Biographical Research.” In Qualitative Research Practice, edited by Clive Seale, Giampietro Gobo, Jaber F. Gubrium and David Silverman. London: Sage: 48-64.
Rustin, Mike J. 1998.“From Individual Life Histories to Sociological Understanding.”SOSTRIS Working Paper 3, Centre for Biography in Social Policy. London: University of East London.
Rustin, Mike J. 2000.“Reflections on the Biographical Turn in Social Science.”In the Turn to Biographical Methods in Social Science: Comparative Issues and Examples, edited by Chamberlayne. London and New York: Routledge: 33-52.
Smith，Sidonie and Julia Watson. 2001. Reading Autobiography：A Guide for Interpreting Life Narratives. Minneapolis：University of Minnesota Press.
Shantz，Jeffrey. 2009.“Biographical Sociology: Struggles over an Emergent Sociological Practice.” A/B: Auto/Biography Studies24（1）：113-128
Sparkes, Andrew C. 2000.“Autoethnography and Narratives of Self: Reflections on Criteria in Action.”Sociology of Sport Journal17(1): 21-43.
Stanley, Liz.1990.“Doing Ethnography，Writing Ethnography：A Comment on Hammersley.” Sociology 24（4）：617-627.
Stanley, Liz. 1993.“On Auto/Biography in Sociology.”Sociology 27(1):41-52.
Stanley, Liz and David Morgan. 1993. “Biography and Autobiography in Sociology.”Sociology 27(1):1-4
Symonolewicz，Constantin.1944.“Autobiography as a Source for Historical and Sociological Studies of Polish Immigration.”Polish American Studies1(1)：17-21.
Temple,Bogusia.2006.“Representation across Languages: Biographical Sociology Meets Translation and Interpretation Studies.”Qualitative Sociology Review 2(1): 7-21.
Wacquant, Loc.2000.“Academic Portraits: Autobiography and Scientific Censorship in American Sociology.” In Ideology and the Social Sciences Contributions in Sociology，edited by Graham Charles Kinloch and Raj P. Mohan. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group: 147-154.
Wilson,William Julius.1988.“Academic Controversy and Intellectual Growth.”In Sociological Lives,edited by Matilda White Riley. London: Sage：79-90.
Zussman，Robert. 2000.“Autobiographical Occasions: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Qualitative Sociology 23（1）：5-8.

责任编辑：田青