家长教养方式的阶层差异及其对子女非认知能力的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究通过“中国教育追踪调查”（CEPS）2014-2015学年追踪数据，考察了当前中国青少年家长教养方式的分布、阶层差异及其对青少年非认知能力的影响。研究发现：首先，当前中国家长的教养方式以专制型和忽视型为主，权威型和宽容型教养方式的比例较低；其次，社会经济地位较高的家庭倾向于选择权威型和宽容型教养方式，社会经济地位较低的家庭倾向于选择专制型或忽视型教养方式；最后，教养方式对非认知能力的发展有显著影响。总体而言，权威型教养方式最有利于培养子女的非认知能力，忽视型教养方式最不利于培养子女的非认知能力。在涉及人际交往的非认知能力指标中，权威型和宽容型教养方式相对于其他两种教养方式具有明显的优势。

关键词: 教养方式, 社会经济地位, 青少年发展, 非认知能力

Abstract:

The mainstream research on social stratification and educational sociology largely focuses on the effects of economic and culture capital on adolescent performance such as test scores or educational attainment,while little attention has been paid to the parent-child relationship and its influences on children. James Coleman pointed out that norms,social networks,and relationships between adults and children had an imperative importance over children's development. In the line with his theory,this study examines the SES-related differences in parenting and the influence of parenting upon junior students' non-cognitive skills using the data from the "China Education Panel Survey" in 2014-2015. Baumrind's four parenting styles of authoritative,authoritarian,indulgent and neglectful are applied as an analytic framework. The author finds that:(1) Both authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles dominate among the Chinese;(2)Families with higher SES score higher in authoritative and indulgent parenting and lower authoritarian and neglectful parenting than families with lower SES;(3)Authoritative parenting is positively associated with non-cognitive skills whereas neglectful parenting has adverse effects. Furthermore,authoritative and indulgent parenting may lead to better development in sociability. This study offers insights into the role of parent-child relations in the inter-generational transmission of inequality. It appears that parenting styles such as authoritative or indulgent parenting style can help narrow the gap between high-and low-SES Chinese adolescents.

Key words: parenting styles, socioeconomic status, non-cognitive skills, adolescent development

黄超. 家长教养方式的阶层差异及其对子女非认知能力的影响[J]. 社会杂志, 2018, 38(6): 216-240.

HUANG Chao. Parenting Styles and the Development of Non-Cognitive Skills among Chinese Adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2018, 38(6): 216-240.

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