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Neighborhood Politics: Urban Grassroots Power Operating Strategy and the StateSociety Conglutination Gui Yong Chinese Journal of Sociology    2007, 27 (6): 102-102.   Abstract （3034）      PDF（pc） （906KB）（1120）       Knowledge map    Save “Rupture” and “insertion” are two competing theories regarding the mobilization and control of the state over the urban neighborhood society during the transition period. This paper proposes a new， inbetween “conglutination” perspective， namely， while the state is capable of mobilizing and controlling the urban neighborhood， its capacity is largely constrained by various social and political factors. The analysis of the empirical data suggests that the conglutination between the state and neighborhood society is mainly shaped by the noninstitutional power operation in the neighborhood and the social structures and driving forces of such power. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Understanding the Inequality in China Xie Yu Chinese Journal of Sociology    2010, 30 (3): 1-20.   Abstract （6869）      PDF（pc） （2099KB）（1001）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract： Drawing on past research， the author has advocated the following propositions： （1） the inequality in China has been severely impacted by some collective mechanisms， such as regions and work units； （2） traditional Chinese political ideology has promoted meritbased inequality， with merit being perceived as functional in improving the collective welfare for the masses； and （3） many Chinese people today regard inequality as an inevitable consequence of economic development． Thus， it seems unlikely that social inequality alone would lead to political and social unrest in today’s China． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(40)

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Pluralistic Discourse Analysis： A New Mode of Social Analysis Xie Lizhong Chinese Journal of Sociology    2010, 30 (2): 1-19.   Abstract （3758）      PDF（pc） （1469KB）（1502）       Knowledge map    Save Pluralistic discourse analysis is the analysis of the manner with which the discourse is produced， the channel through which it is disseminated， and with what rules in what kind of process． It is to analyze discourses from the stance of pluralism． Advocating pluralistic discourse analysis is to eliminate the influence of the traditional classic models represented by Positivism， Hermeneutics and Phenomenology in the social study． Pluralistic discourse analysis involves the basic procedures of analyzing discourse strategies and rules of discourse formation． This method is significant at multiple levels in our social studies． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Ethnically Mixed Village under Clan Control： From the Perspective of Cultural Nexus of Power Zhang Heqing Chinese Journal of Sociology    2010, 30 (2): 20-44.   Abstract （3342）      PDF（pc） （1977KB）（881）       Knowledge map    Save From the perspective of cultural nexus of power， this article profoundly presents the political structure of an ethnically mixed mountainous village， Benglan Hecao in Yunnan Province， which was traditionally controlled by the main clan and Bimuo the Chief. The author argues that the sociopolitical situation before 1949 was manipulated by the main clan and Bimuo the Chief， who acquired their authority and legitimacy by the rural cultural nexus and played an organizational leadership role in this cultural power nexus. Via manipulating the rural cultural nexus （the intraclan kinships and religious beliefs and inter-clan relationships）， the main clan and its Chief Bimuo were firmly in control of this rural society． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Organization， Work， and Emotional Alienation：A Study of Life Insurance Agents in Xiamen Sheng Sixin Chinese Journal of Sociology    2010, 30 (2): 74-100.   Abstract （3392）      PDF（pc） （1615KB）（1186）       Knowledge map    Save  When following the marketing model of the Western life insurance industry， China’s life insurers have executed a more aggressive emotional management of their sales agents． Due to widespread social resistance， life insurance agents in China experience negative emotions quite often． The overly commercialized use of guanxi at work has not only violated the agents’ preexisting social networks but also is hindering their development of new nonbusiness relationships with others． The working ideology of “embedding insurance into life； embedding life into insurance” blurs the boundary between work and life， which has inevitably made the agents’ work full of emotional conflicts． Although the life insurance agents have been trying to manage these conflicts through various coping strategies， their efforts will probably aggravate individuals’ impersonal problems， and will finally result in emotional alienation as a consequence． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Structure of Subjective WellBeing： Diagnosis of the Dual Classification Schema of Affective and Cognitive Elements Wang Peigang Chinese Journal of Sociology    2010, 30 (4): 143-162.   Abstract （2920）      PDF（pc） （1595KB）（1603）       Knowledge map    Save The subjective wellbeing in the traditional quality of life perspective consists of the affective measurement of happiness and cognitive measurement of satisfaction． But a recent study has indicated that this traditional classification schema is substantively faulty． Based on CGSS2003 and CGSS2005 survey data from urban China， the current study has confirmed the rightness of this traditional classification schema and its feasibility in China． It has also found a rise in the subjective wellbeing and happiness of urban residents and a shift in the conception of well being from socially experiencing to prudentially cognizing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sufferings and Religious Growth： Probing into the Unintended Consequences of Religious Suppression Lu Yunfeng Chinese Journal of Sociology    2010, 30 (4): 200-216.   Abstract （2731）      PDF（pc） （1482KB）（1559）       Knowledge map    Save Through comparative history studies， this paper seeks to reveal the logics beneath the growth of suppressed religions， holding that suppression can lead to some unintended consequences． Repression are helpful because it not only can induce suppressed religions to create adaptive doctrines， but also can reduce the risk of the uncertainty in religious goods and mitigate free riding through creating a social barrier that filters out halfhearted members． In addition， suppression drives religious groups to adopt institutional innovations to sustain the networks， to keep the followers’ morale and to avoid detection． The sustained networks make massive recruitment possible． All of these unwanted consequences of religious suppression， which fall out of the prediction of religious regulators， contribute to the vitality of suppressed religion． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Based Game： A New Explanatory Framework for RightSafeguarding Action in Grassroots Society Dong Haijun Chinese Journal of Sociology    2010, 30 (5): 96-120.   Abstract （3499）      PDF（pc） （1575KB）（1286）       Knowledge map    Save The research on rightsafeguarding actions in grassroots society has kept the dialog ongoing， but it needs a comprehensive explanatory framework to rid the current explanations of their tension． Borrowing the meaning of Shi in a native resource concept and nurtured by the sound core explanatory ideas， the author used a real life township case to suggest an integrated explanatory framework—a Shibased Game with four aspects of perceiving  Shi ， creating Shi， lending or borrowing Shi， and applying  Shi ， which are in the same rightsafeguarding action system together with the gameobject`s response by Shi and the mediator’s MiddleWay Shi ． This framework displays the rightsafeguarding actor’s plurality， the game`s equality， tactics’ expediency， factors’ diversity， and contents’ richness． It reflects the transitional tendency in the Chinese grassroots society， expands the rightsafeguarding perspective in the grassroots， and exhibits a process from the form of safeguarding rights of the government vs． the civil or the powerful vs． the weak to a game involving multiple interest groups． Thus， this framework possesses a better integrative explanatory power at a higher level． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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SelfOrganizing and Law Abiding： Workers’ Collective Action Strategies to Defend Rights： A Case Study of Enterprise SNS in Shanghai Wu Tong；Wen Jun， Chinese Journal of Sociology    2010, 30 (5): 121-141.   Abstract （3145）      PDF（pc） （1408KB）（800）       Knowledge map    Save In the Chinese institutional context， workers must weigh economic costs and political risks when fighting for their legal rights； thus， they have to come up with some “safe”， “effective”， and “sustainable” protesting means． This paper analyzes two rightdefending events by the workers in a manufacturing enterprise in Shanghai． The workers’ “selforganizing” and “law abiding” strategies not only provided them with organizational protection but also the legitimacy of action． The paper concludes with a discussion of this kind of protest strategies with the background of macrolevel social transition in China． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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On the Acquaintance Community： An IdealType Exploration of the Mechanism in the Village Order Chen Baifeng Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (1): 223-241.   Abstract （2695）      PDF（pc） （1148KB）（938）       Knowledge map    Save The foundation of an acquaintance community is renqing （emotional bond）， which has four levels of meaning： feelings， relationships， norms， and mechanisms． With renqing playing its role， any acquaintance community is itself a microlevel power network that has been integrated into an intimate community with less strife internally and with solidarity externally． The etiquette process has renqing instilled in the core of etiquette． In an acquaintance community， people act around renqing relationships； renqing norms define behavioral norms． Such renqingbased behavioral regulations are the “native logic．” Therefore， the “native logic” can be used to analyze the change in the current village order． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Formulating of the Scale for  Characteristics of Urban Communities Xiang Jun Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (1): 131-158.   Abstract （2857）      PDF（pc） （1372KB）（708）       Knowledge map    Save Among contemporary community studies, the issue of whether or not communities exist has always been a focal point for dispute. The author believes the focal point of the issue is not “whether or not they exist”, but “in what way do they exist”. Based on relevant research, the author has formulated a scale to measure “community identity” and has carried out validity and reliability tests for it using data from a survey on Shanghai communities. Then the scale is used to classify Shanghai communities into six types, all of which have their own characteristics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Administrative Subcontract ZHOU Li-An Chinese Journal of Sociology    2014, 34 (6): 1-38.   Abstract （13976）      PDF（pc） （1019KB）（4263）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract： This paper attempts to demonstrate the significance, relevance and implications of “administrative subcontract” as an analytical framework to understand China’s intergovernmental relations, bureaucratic incentives, and administrative governance. As an ideal type, administrative subcontract refers to a subcontracting relation inside the government system, represent a hybrid governance structure between bureaucracy in a Weberian sense and pure subcontract which occurs among independent entities without any hierarchical relations. Administrative subcontract exhibits a coherent and consistent set of characteristics along the dimensions of authority relations, economic incentives, and internal control. With respect to authority relations, administrative subcontract features an allocation of authority between the principal and agent where the principal has the formal authority and residual control rights (such as the authority to appoint/remove, supervise and monitor subcontractors and the option to intervene when necessary), and the agent, by way of subcontracting, enjoys considerable discretion and de facto power to do things in his own way. Under the administrative subcontract regime, the agent is a residual claimant over the budget money or revenues either collected through serviceprovision or allocated by the principal. In terms of internal control, the administrative subcontract is outcomeoriented rather than procedure/processoriented. I argue that these three dimensions are complementary and mutually supportive, and tend to commove if the system encounters systematic shocks. This new framework helps us pin down the key and durable features of China’s intergovernmental relations and administrative governance. The notion of administrative subcontract enables us to reinterpret many puzzling observations and patterns regarding the workings of China’s government system and to bring some important and yet long understudied issues to our attention. I will also combine the theory of administrative subcontract with that of political tournaments to extend our analysis of China’s political incentives and governance. From the viewpoint of vertical subcontracting and horizontal (political) competition inside the government system, I attempt to explain the strength and weakness of China’s state capacity in various areas of public services.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(61)

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Transnational Participation and Social Networking： The Interaction between Strong and Weak Ties of Chinese American Scientists Sun Xiao’e, Bian Yanjie Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (2): 194-215.   Abstract （3796）      PDF（pc） （1353KB）（1182）       Knowledge map    Save There are two models regarding the role of social network in the jobsearch process: the hypothesis of weak ties versus the hypothesis of strong ties. In examining the transnational participation of 30 Chinese American scientists, our indepth interview study has found out that it is the team work of strong and weak ties that matches the knowledge and skills of Chinese American scientists with the need and demand of Chinese institutes, and thus successfully promotes the transnational collaboration between the two parties. Strong ties provide connection, rapport, and support for keeping promises/quality while weak ties supply resources and institutional support in transnational participation for the Chinese American scientists. The important finding in the current study that the mutual complementary relationship of the strong and weak ties in the jobsearch networks contributes to the theoretical hypotheses of strong and weak ties, enriches the research tradition in the field of jobsearch networks, and may provide guidance for the transnational participation of talented scholars.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Enlistment: Social Stratification and Individual Mobility of  Choice in the Institutional Transition Wang Jianhua Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (3): 138-154.   Abstract （3363）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save The state’s institutional transition has not only brought about changes in the social stratification mechanism but also stimulated individuals to actively make choices for mobility. Therefore, the model of status attainment should not consider the stratification mechanism only and ignore the impact from the individual mobility of choice at the micro level. The analysis of the enlistment data from the CGSS2006 survey reported in this paper has supported this view. The reward of enlistment as a manifest of political loyalty has greatly decreased during the postreform era. The modes to attain soldier statuses in different periods embodied the combined effects of the changing social stratification mechanisms and the individual mobility of choice after examining the reward of the military service. When the military service could bring in a higher reward, the distribution of this resource showed a higher level of inequality across different strata. Lastly, in the status attainment during the military service, because of the effects of the power being shielded, the individually selected mobility changed the direction in status attainment to the opposite, i.e., it was the rural youth and the children of the manual workers that had a higher probability to become Communist Party members. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Capital Resources to the Countryside and the Flow within the Forestry：The Field Experience of Town S in Hubei Province Guo Liang Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (3): 114-137.   Abstract （2796）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save With further reform of the ownership of forests, profitaimed capital resources are being invested in opening up forestry on a large scale, which meets the business needs of the local governments. All of this started the initial momentum of the flow within the forestry. In the process, both informal and formal resources in the rural society have been fully utilized, thus stimulating the efficiency of the flow. On the surface, the flow is based on the voluntary principle, but indepth empirical studies have discovered that the flow momentum has been launched on the basis of farmers being mobilized and pushed, thus resulting in a conflict between rightness in operations and inequality in actuality. Due to the shaping power of the local society’s power connections over the powerprofit structure, the lone force to establish property ownership will not be capable of protecting farmers’ actual interests. In a sense, farmers’ increase in their land revenues depends not only on the new category of rights but also on the coordination between the new contract of property rights and the political environment that embeds it. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Organizational Boundary of Administrative Subcontracting: An Analysis of “the Separation of Officials and Local Staff” and Stratified Mobility ZHOU Li-An Chinese Journal of Sociology    2016, 36 (1): 34-64.   Abstract （1889）   HTML    PDF（pc） （801KB）（1693）       Knowledge map    Save This paper introduces an analysis of administrative subcontracting in relation to the promotion mechanism in Chinese government administration and redefines the organizational boundary between internal and outsourcing administrative subcontracting. The relationship between administration and subcontracting is examined through the two salient features of government, namely, multitask and monopoly of public services and state violence. Subcontracting tends to save fiscal and administrative costs for the principles and offer high-powered and differentiated incentives to subcontractors. However, it can also lead to power abuse and multitask distortion. To prevent subcontractors' misbehaviors, bureaucracy is also compelled to impose various administrative measures such as oversight authority, veto power, rules and procedures. The paper further examines the organizational boundary between internal and outsourcing subcontracting through the rank competition and promotion mechanism. If subcontracting is part of competition and promotion process, it is regarded as internal subcontracting within organization; whereas subcontracting separated from the bureaucratic hierarchical mobility is considered as outsourcing subcontracting. Using this new lens of rank promotion mechanism, we reinterpret the so-called “the separation of officials and local staff” (guanli fentu) in imperial China and the stratified mobility in modern time.The paper argues that the twofold process of “separation of officials and staff” and “convergence of staff and hired-hands” in imperial China from Qin-Han to Ming-Qing marked a significant change in state governing boundary from internal subcontracting to outsourcing subcontracting. This occurred because of the increasing revenue pressure. It is our hope that this study opens further dialogues on Xueguang Zhou's administrative subcontracting theory. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Social Capital and Status Attainment: Simple and Complex Causal Mechanisms and Associations   Lü Tao Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (3): 200-223.   Abstract （3047）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save The classic theory emphasizes that the statusrelated return of mobilized social capitals is independent of that of personal capitals, which is a theoretical construction based on simple causality. From the perspective of complex causality, this paper emphasizes that, because of the constraints of the entire society on the socially needed efficiency of the social positions, the processes by which social capitals produce returns would be restricted by the level of personal human capital, which is a complex causal mechanism. So, the positive association between social capital jointed with human capital and status attainment should be the focus of examination in order to observe the complex causation between social capital and status attainment.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Religious Faith and Trust in the Differentiated Model of Association: The Empirical Evidence from 10 Cities in China Ruan Rongping， Wang Bing Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (4): 195-217.   Abstract （4281）      PDF（pc） （1728KB）（1032）       Knowledge map    Save  At present, researchers have not reached a consensus on the relationship between religion and trust. Based on the data from 10 Chinese cities, this study analyzed the impact of religious faith on social trust, general trust, and trust of groups along different radiuses in the differentiated model of association. The study had following findings: (1) religion had significant positive effects on trust, especially on social trust; (2) the effects of religion on trust got stronger when the radius in the differentiated model of association became longer; and (3) the mechanism of religion’s function on trust was mainly in its faith effect rather than organizational effect, which partly explained the contradiction in the current conclusions about the relationships between religion and trust. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(12)

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The Intellectual and Politics Li Junpeng Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (5): 1-47.   Abstract （3663）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save As a consequence of moralism and lack of a coherent analytical framework, sociology of the intellectual has been in the marginal area of tradition sociology. At present, the ontological premise of the intellectual has come under question, but issues like the intellectual being viewed as a boundarymaking process and their class characteristics have attracted some attention. With respect to intellectuals’ nature as a class, there exist three broad analytical traditions: intellectuals as classinthemselves, intellectuals as classless, and intellectuals as classbound. Civility and subversion are the two basic views of the social roles played by the intellectual. Conclusions from traditional research on intellectuals’ ideologies can be classified into economic determinism, social determinism, field theory, and reference group theory. In the last decade, the new sociology of ideas has emerged and it challenges the old paradigm. In response, we need to treat intellectuals’ political orientation as an “independent variable” rather than a “dependent variable” in order to start a reform in studying intellectuals that is directed toward analytical sociology. In this regard, concepts such as the intellectual field, habitus, selfconcept, subcultural identity, and intellectual trajectory can help us formulate a new theoretical framework of political epistemology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Food and Entitlement: A Case Study of the Grain Circulation System during the Great Leap Forward Period in Beijie District, Guizhou Province Li Longhu Chinese Journal of Sociology    2011, 31 (5): 158-189.   Abstract （2512）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save According to the analysis of the grain administration, production and distribution systems of Beijie district, Guizhou province, during the Great Leap Forward period, the grain system as a whole was characteristic of “big decisionmaking power in the central government; minor decisionmaking power in the provincial governments; and obedience from the governments at the regional district levels and below” with the fiveyear grain lump work policy (1958-1963) that was based on the high basic quotas of 1957 as its core. The high procurement quotas during that period was a result of the high basic quotas of the fiveyear grain lump work policy, which was the outcome of the exaggerated, overestimated total of grain production. When the total grain production fell, an excessive procurement was inevitable. Though the huge procurement was bound to have huge sales, yet huge sales were not complete sales because, under the ranking system of grain distribution, exportation of grain in large quantities resulted in a shortage of grain reservation at local levels, which finally led to the Great Famine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）