社会杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 65-96.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

古今之间:父子伦理变迁与五四家庭想象——重探鲁迅《我们现在怎样做父亲》

孙尧天   

  • 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-12-13
  • 作者简介:孙尧天 华东师范大学中文系 E-mail:sunyaotian0604@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文为国家哲学社会科学规划青年项目“文明论视域中的鲁迅历史叙事研究”(24CZW085)的阶段性研究成果之一。

Between the Ancient and the Modern: Changes in Father-Son Ethics and the Imagination of the May 4th Movement on Family:Reinterpreting Lu Xun's “How Shall We Be Fathers Now”

SUN Yaotian   

  • Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-12-13
  • Supported by:
    This paper is one of the phased research achievements of the youth project of National Philosophy and Social Science Project“Research on Lu Xun's Historical Narrative from the Perspective of Civilization Theory”(24CZW085).

摘要: 鲁迅《我们现在怎样做父亲》不仅专注于讨论父子伦理,也颇具代表性地传达了五四家庭革命者的世界观与历史意识。在尼采与生物进化论的启示下,鲁迅要求“父亲”发挥主体能动性并提倡“幼者本位”。同时,鲁迅强调社会改造对重建家庭的意义,而他对“社会”的理解与“一战”后国家主义的退潮和“人类”意识的兴起有关。鲁迅对“爱”的重视既延续了清末家庭革命的脉络,又受到同一时期日本白桦派作家的影响,他试图借助这些力量冲击明清以降日益刻板与形式化的礼教,进而突破孝道内在的悖论。鲁迅以“父亲”身份回应了时代命题,呈现出古今之间的对话和张力,他对父子伦理主动性的强调和对互助型社会的想象,对于今天围绕家庭问题的讨论仍有一定的启示意义。

关键词: 鲁迅, 《我们现在怎样做父亲》, 父子伦理, 五四, 家庭革命

Abstract: Because of the historical characteristic of organising society through ethics, China’s modernity began with the family revolution. Among the many discussions on family revolution in the late Qing and early Republican period, Lu Xun’s “How Shall We Be Fathers Now” not only focused on father-son ethics, but also represented the worldview and historical consciousness of the May Fourth revolutionaries. Inspired by Nietzsche and the theory of biological evolution, Lu Xun asked the “father” to utilize subjective initiatives and advocated for the “position of the youngster”. At the same time, Lu Xun emphasized the significance of social transformation for the reconstruction of the family, and his understanding of “society” was further related to the decline of nationalism and the rise of the consciousness of “humanity” after the First World War. Lu Xun’s emphasis on “love” carried forward the context of the family revolution in the late Qing, and it also reflected the influence from Japanese Birchen writers such as Saneatsu Mushakoji and Arishima Takeo, etc. He tried to counter the increasingly rigid and formalized rituals since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, thus breaking through the inherent paradox of filial piety. Lu Xun criticized the traditional father-son ethics as being infested with authoritarianism and utilitarianism, and had long since lost its intrinsic value. In this regard, he advocated for a return to the natural, humane and sensual dimension of ethics, and extended the temporal direction of the future in an optimistic imagination of life evolution. Lu Xun reframed the father-son ethics with life as its essence, which made his revolutionary discourse on the family subversive, but also created a dilemma for the individual in his overarching vision. In general, Lu Xun responded to the propositions of the times with his own experiences and his identity as a “father”, presenting a dialogue as well as tension between the past and the present. Among other things, his emphasis on the initiative of father-son ethics and his imagination of a mutually supportive society are still instructive for today’s discussions on family issues.

Key words: Lu Xun, How Shall We Be Fathers Now, father-son ethics, May 4th, family revolution